[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1599},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-config-/news/9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation":3,"news-post-9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation":38,"all-faculty-news-detail":55},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":10,"extension":13,"hero":14,"meta":32,"navigation":15,"path":33,"sections":34,"seo":35,"stem":36,"__hash__":37},"pages/pages/news.md","News",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":9},"minimark",[],{"title":10,"searchDepth":11,"depth":11,"links":12},"",2,[],"md",{"showHero":15,"title":16,"badge":17,"description":18,"image":19,"imageCredit":20,"backgroundImage":21,"links":22},true,"Recent News & Updates","Latest Posts","Stay updated with the latest news, events, interviews, and videos from our community.","/images/news.webp","Sebastian Pfütze","/images/news-hero-bg.png",[23,28],{"label":24,"to":25,"target":26,"type":27},"Subscribe","https://mailchi.mp/4337f0e3e319/9262kjy9ck","_blank","primary",{"label":29,"to":30,"type":31},"Contact Us","/contact","secondary",{},"/pages/news",null,{"description":10},"pages/news","ATWPyIzBfpLDxYvll1Bbm4TfPyhAWlstJxCQJDVTKxs",{"id":39,"title":40,"author":41,"authorAvatar":34,"authors":42,"body":34,"category":34,"date":43,"description":44,"duration":34,"endTime":34,"extendedContent":34,"extension":45,"featured":46,"heading":40,"image":47,"location":34,"locationType":34,"mainContent":48,"meta":49,"navigation":15,"path":50,"registrationLink":34,"seo":51,"slug":52,"startTime":34,"stem":53,"tags":34,"videoUrl":34,"__hash__":54},"blogposts/blogposts/9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation.json","9. AN AGENDA FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION","The GovLab",[],"2017-09-19T17:22:17","Finally, we highlight valuable directions for further research and experimentation in crowdlaw.","json",false,"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*R_PvyexH20cL0JX-PzbzCw.jpeg","\n\u003Csection name=\"22f0\" class=\"section section--body section--first\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Cfigure name=\"3554\" id=\"3554\" class=\"graf graf--figure graf--leading\">\u003Cimg class=\"graf-image\" data-image-id=\"1*R_PvyexH20cL0JX-PzbzCw.jpeg\" data-width=\"1024\" data-height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*R_PvyexH20cL0JX-PzbzCw.jpeg\">\u003C/figure>\u003Ch3 name=\"b53a\" id=\"b53a\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">9. AN AGENDA FOR RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTATION\u003C/h3>\u003Ch4 name=\"68b9\" id=\"68b9\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--h3 graf--subtitle\">Finally, we highlight valuable directions for further research and experimentation in crowdlaw.\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"51aa\" id=\"51aa\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">This is a draft version of the report (dated October 12, 2017) and will be updated in November.\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"68e7\" id=\"68e7\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">By exploiting technology to engage a broader and more diverse constituency in the process of proposing, drafting, editing and informing legislation, crowdlaw has the \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">potential \u003C/em>to (1) enhance the effectiveness, legitimacy, and accountability of lawmaking practices and to (2) transform fundamentally the source of authority undergirding the legislative process. Three broad hypotheses have informed our work:\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"10d1\" id=\"10d1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● Lawmaking that is participatory is more effective because it brings more diverse ideas and information to bear.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1ec7\" id=\"1ec7\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● Lawmaking that is participatory is more legitimate because it engages broader groups of participants.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3ac6\" id=\"3ac6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● Lawmaking that is participatory is more accountable because it subjects the process of crafting laws and regulations to greater scrutiny.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"db0d\" id=\"db0d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Yet as much as government of, by and for the people is an aspiration in a democracy and in every strand of participatory democratic theory, we have very little understanding of the actual impact of crowdlaw because tech-enabled engagement in parliamentary procedure is so new. More specifically, we lack empirical evidence of how changes in process affect outcomes of the engagement and of how to design and use crowdlaw in order to enhance rather than denigrate the legislative process. More research is both feasible and needed, especially given the ability to run controlled trials by modifying the platforms used to run engagement processes.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"0127\" id=\"0127\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Thus, in this section, we offer a sketch of a future research agenda on crowdlaw, some discussion of the methods for studying crowdlaw, and a suggested role that the Open Assembly Lab could play in supporting the research necessary to understand and evolve Spain’s crowdlaw policies, platforms, and practices.\u003C/p>\u003Ch4 name=\"6411\" id=\"6411\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\">Crowdsourcing for public and administrative decision-making\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"c727\" id=\"c727\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">Crowdlaw, of course, is based on the term \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">crowdsourcing\u003C/em>, coined in 2006.¹ Generally, crowdsourcing is the outsourcing of a function usually performed by employees of an organization to a “crowd” (people outside the organization) by means of an open call. There is a growing literature on crowdsourcing, open innovation, and the use of technology to enable group work. Scholars such as Karim Lakhani,² Kevin Boudreau,³ Henry Chesbrough,⁴ and John Prpic⁵ and write about the role of the crowd in enabling business innovation. In its application to business and science, particularly in the management and social psychology literature, crowdsourcing has been shown to have a demonstrable effect on problem-solving capacity, as well as on the speed, accuracy, and diversity of ideas generated.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"db72\" id=\"db72\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">There are various styles of crowdsourcing, including challenges and contests, which articulate a problem, solicit many solutions and pick a winner among them. Such contests work well when it is not obvious what combination of skills or even which technical approach yield the best solution for a problem; such was the case in the TopCoder Immunogenics Challenge, which yielded 89 novel computational solutions to the stated problem in two weeks. 30 of those submissions exceeded the benchmark performance of the US National Institutes of Health and none were from academic or industrial computational biologists. But beyond spurring greater innovation through competition, crowdsourcing can also involve coordinating collaboration on a shared product such as Wikipedia, where the goal is to scale the number of people contributing. Finally, in addition to competition and collaboration, crowdsourcing can refer to asking a group to solve a problem to which many additive solutions are needed, such as the creation of multiple apps.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"8829\" id=\"8829\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Now crowdsourcing is becoming part and parcel of standard practices in the public sector, too. Preliminary research shows that crowdsourcing, because it expands the number and diversity of problem-solvers, is also leading to positive outcomes in administrative decision-making including the uses of crowdsourced information to improve the examination of patents, of crowdsourced problem-solving to tackle difficult questions posed by upwards of 750 federal agencies, and of crowdsourcing of policy ideas. \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">For a robust, succinct review of such efforts we recommend Helen Liu’s “\u003C/em>\u003Ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/puar.12808/full\" data-href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/puar.12808/full\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Crowdsourcing Government: Lessons from Multiple Disciplines\u003C/em>\u003C/a>\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">.”⁶\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f25f\" id=\"f25f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Other scholars have since written extensively about technology-enabled engagement, most notably: Hélène Landemore,⁷ Daren Brabham,⁸ ⁹ Tanja Aitamurto,¹⁰ and Ines Mergel. The study of tech-enabled public engagement as it applies to lawmaking and the work of legislatures, however, is only in its infancy. Most notably, Cristiano Ferri produced an extensive monograph addressing the interaction between contemporary democratic tradition, technological innovation, and citizen participation.¹¹ The scholarship also includes Landemore and Aitamurto’s survey of the crowdsourcing of an off-road law in Finland, providing a key assessment of participant motivations and impressions.¹²\u003C/p>\u003Ch4 name=\"d7f2\" id=\"d7f2\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\">Improving coordination and methods in crowdlaw research\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"2dd5\" id=\"2dd5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">In order to make sense of the evolving field of crowdlaw we need, as MIT professor Tom Malone et al. say about online collaboration generally, to “map the genome” of public participation in lawmaking practices.¹³ That is to say, research is needed to catalog and organize systematically the different components of participatory lawmaking practices according to a common taxonomy that can be used to study them (in the same way as open innovation researchers have done for the study of crowdsourcing in business or that social psychologists have done when describing different forms of group work).¹⁴\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"0b0c\" id=\"0b0c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Given, first, the traditionally deep distrust of groups endemic to the social psychology literature on “groupthink,” which condemns the presumed tendency of groups to drift to extreme positions,¹⁵ and second, the heretofore fairly poor design of engagement processes such as electronic petitions,¹⁶ it is not self-evident that participatory lawmaking practices lead to improvement. Rather, there is a need to study them and assess whether and under what circumstances crowdlaw impacts the lawmaking process. In this report, we have used a six-factor framework for organizing and describing the case studies, but the taxonomy needs to be expanded and deepened.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"6b00\" id=\"6b00\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">To review, our case studies are organized by (1) the task the crowd is asked to perform (e.g., comment or draft), (2) the method (e.g., participatory budgeting or consensus council), (3) the stage of the lawmaking process (e.g., agenda-setting, monitoring), (4) the tech platform (e.g., mobile or web), (5) the legal framework (e.g., institutionalized participation or ad hoc) and (6) the evaluation of impact (e.g., formal evaluations, if any).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f4b6\" id=\"f4b6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">As we expand our analysis of available cases and conduct more in-depth research, we would advocate looking at eleven factors in much greater detail. These would give us a more granular way to understand crowdsourcing practices and to study them. This taxonomy requires further consultation and deliberation with scholars and practitioners to refine.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"722f\" id=\"722f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">We would propose looking at the following 11 attributes of crowdlaw:\u003C/p>\u003Col class=\"postList\">\u003Cli name=\"21d0\" id=\"21d0\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Ownership:\u003C/strong> We hypothesize that projects run and controlled by the parliament itself have better outcomes because they are integrated into the workflow of the legislature. So, we want to code each example based on who runs the process. Crowdlaw has been practiced by traditional legislatures but also by political parties and by activist groups, wanting to build a base of support for a particular piece of legislation.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"54c5\" id=\"54c5\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Audience: \u003C/strong>We hypothesize that, in the absence of active steps to invite participation from diverse audiences, participation will be largely male and upper middle-class. Thus we need to develop a way of describing the demographics and other attributes such as expertise of crowdlaw participants. This builds on earlier work done to ‘unmask the crowd’ studied a crowdsourced law-reform initiative in Finland and found that it mostly involved educated professional males.¹⁷ A study of female participants on Change.org found that while female participation was higher than expected in “thin participation” (e.g. signing petitions) but underrepresented in “thick participation” (e.g. petition creation).¹⁸\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"384c\" id=\"384c\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Incentives: \u003C/strong>There is a great deal of social psychology and management literature on the relative value of extrinsic versus intrinsic incentives as a motivator for participating in online communities, generally, but nothing specific to the legislative process.¹⁹ ²⁰ ²¹ Thus, we want to know what are the most effective incentives to entice the public to engage in participatory lawmaking. To design participatory governing processes for the digital age, researchers must dig into the age-old question of human motivation. We hypothesize that clearly defined rules of procedure (guidance), an understanding of the relevance of one’s participation to the ultimate outcome (relevance), and the ability to make a difference (impact) are primary motivators for repeated engagement.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"f834\" id=\"f834\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Task: \u003C/strong>What is the participatory task? In some cases, the participating public is asked to propose legislation and in others to help with drafting. In other cases, legislation is written by professional staff by commented on and edited by the public. There no common understanding of the impact of task-type in a legislative crowdsourcing context. We need to understand which of these practices work better than others and the hallmarks of success and failure.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"d8ac\" id=\"d8ac\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Law type:\u003C/strong> What is the type of law being produced? There are new participatory experiments involving the crafting of regulations, legislation, and constitutions, all of which have the binding force of law. We want to understand the impact of the type and political status of the law, such as comparing participatory constitution drafting with participatory legislating. We should easily be able to flesh out the taxonomy to describe different types of lawmaking as well as to code for who introduced the legislation. It will be key to understand whether, when it comes to other factors such as task or audience or incentive, participatory constitution drafting holds much in common with participatory legislating.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"b0a0\" id=\"b0a0\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Topic:\u003C/strong> What is the subject matter of the law being drafted? In many cases, crowdlaw processes are adopted in connection with the formulation of laws proposed by the executive and in others by those proposed by the legislative. Some are controversial bills and others quite apolitical. We can easily assess the level and quality of engagement when bills are highly contested and polarizing versus when they are not.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"fcb7\" id=\"fcb7\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Feedback: \u003C/strong>What feedback is provided to participants? To understand the role that feedback plays by looking at whether and how the parliament provided feedback and the impact of such communication on whether people participate and whether they return.²² Some crowdlaw processes have the public making contributions without a response from the institution; others involve generalized responses, and others specific feedback. The goal is to track what is taking place and which systems seem to create more incentives to join and to return, with the hypothesis that more government response and interaction will increase participation and frequency.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"217a\" id=\"217a\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Platform: \u003C/strong>Tracking who is using what kind of platform, from web-based to SMS-based. We can also interview platform owners and designers to learn more about why, considering the diverse open free tools for crowdsourcing available, do some organizations prefer developing their own tool? What are the most common/effective crowdlaw’ tools available? Are they based in open-source or proprietary technology? What kind of interactions have been used in crowdlaw experiments, and what results they bring about?\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"4878\" id=\"4878\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Legislative stage:\u003C/strong> Tracking the stage of the lawmaking process at which engagement is sought. At present, we know that most crowdlaw is taking place at the proposal-making or drafting stage. But, as more projects come online, are they occurring at other stages of the legislative lifecycle, such as monitoring or evaluation and which practices attract more and more robust participation. Although most crowdlaw practices today involve commenting on drafts, we hypothesize that unexplored territory — namely, using the public to monitor and evaluate the impact of legislation and contribute information to developing legislative solutions prior to drafting — are likely to be robust areas of opportunity.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"3b35\" id=\"3b35\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Timing: \u003C/strong>How long was the opportunity to participate? What is the impact of shorter versus longer participation timeframes at different stages of the lawmaking process? For example, does having too long depress participation or does having too little time increase frustration? Also, should participation be divided up into multiple phases? For example, the Ministry of the Environment and the Committee for the Future in the Finnish Parliament initiated a crowdsourced off-road traffic law reform in Finland in 2013. About 700 Finns participated in the law-reform process online by sharing their ideas, knowledge and perspectives about off-road traffic. The participants shared about 500 ideas, 4,000 comments and 19,000 votes in the crowdsourcing process. The process was divided into three phases.²³ More work is needed to compare single versus multi-stage processes.\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"e734\" id=\"e734\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Training: \u003C/strong>What is the impact of training? What is the impact of framing the issue of engagement prior to participation? Does providing a short tutorial on a topic increase the quality of public inputs? How can training accommodate varying learning processes and abilities? Training should not only be a consideration for citizens, but for public officials too, as they may need context to understand a crowdlaw platform or how best to make use of the crowdlaw initiative in their work. We hypothesize that training prior to engagement increases the quality of participation and usefulness of inputs received from the public.\u003C/li>\u003C/ol>\u003Cp name=\"75b9\" id=\"75b9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\">An expanded research project will create an evidence base that can help us to understand the design elements of a crowdlaw process and to draw generalizable conclusions about when, where, and which practices produce results in line with the initiators’ goals. These research results could enable legislatures to decide which forms of crowdlaw to adopt and scale.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"211f\" id=\"211f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">We want to understand how to design an effective crowdlaw process and, at the same time, generate empirical insights to inform reflection about the impact of engagement on the legitimacy of lawmaking. There is always the risk that engagement exercises are mere “democracy theatre” that are employed to make institutions appear more legitimate. These kinds of participation are to real engagement as “Kabuki theatre is to human passions,” writes the former general counsel of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), E. Donald Elliott. They are “a highly stylized process for displaying in a formal way the essence of something which in real life takes place in other venues.”²⁴\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e6e4\" id=\"e6e4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This so-called “crowd-washing” can be dispelled by generating meaningful insights about the effects of crowdlaw on both institutions and individuals. Do participants learn about lawmaking? Do they change their political views? Does it enhance participants’ trust in politics and in government? Does it enhance public awareness of topics involved in policy discussions? Are there harmful results? Similar questions need to be asked and examined from an institutional perspective, inquiring whether institutions and those who work for them view participation as helping the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. In addition to such qualitative measures, we can, over the long run, also study the effectiveness of legislation created using crowdlaw and determine its value, using such measures as whether it was more or less subject to litigation and judicial review, whether it was eventually amended, and whether it, in fact, achieved its stated goals more effectively.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2b42\" id=\"2b42\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Methods for Studying Crowdlaw\u003C/em>: \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Research in the Wild\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"69e4\" id=\"69e4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">To advance research into how real-world institutions such as legislatures could use technology to engage with the public, we need to accelerate the design and execution of experiments that will help us to understand whether, in fact, obtaining diverse public input through the Internet improves the legitimacy and efficacy of governing processes. Even more powerful forms of evaluation are possible, because these systems are run largely on digital tech-based platforms. Thus, it is possible to design experiments and instrument crowdlaw software to construct controlled trials. Technology makes is easier to accelerate the speed and scale of empirical observations and data collection.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"438b\" id=\"438b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">We lack empirical evidence of how changes in process affect outcomes of the engagement and of how to design and use crowdlaw in order to enhance rather than denigrate the legislative process. \u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Randomized control trials (RCTs)\u003C/strong> will shed empirical insight on how to design crowdlaw processes, practices, and policies. Scientific analytical methods from across a variety of fields, including the social sciences (especially what is called “crowd science”), data science, and systems modeling, will be used to draw insight from the collected data.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"ab81\" id=\"ab81\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">To understand how RCTs might be used in connection with crowdlaw, take a few examples. It is conceivable to have a platform that randomizes people into participation opportunities at different stages of the lawmaking process. Thus, I might be given the chance to comment on one law but elsewhere be invited to monitor implementation of the law. We could imagine testing different prompts by randomizing public participants into two groups — one that is encouraged to participate for the good of the country and another for the chance of winning a prize in an effort to understand incentives better. Take, as a third example, the question of the role that feedback plays in creating incentives to participate. We could easily imagine constructing an experiment whereby half the participants receive a reply from the parliament about how their feedback was used and half do not in an effort to measure whether such participants are more or less likely to participate again.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f826\" id=\"f826\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Previously spurned by the academic and public sector as potentially reckless, testing crowdlaw interventions using RCTs and other experimental designs, when done well and with ethical sensitivity, can help to forestall bad designs, wasted taxpayer dollars, and, perhaps worst of all, greater frustration and distrust of government.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"943c\" id=\"943c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">There is sufficient innovation taking place around the world to enable more \u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">natural experiments\u003C/strong> during which researchers observe the differences between naturally occurring crowdlaw projects in different jurisdictions. Depth of participation differs between crowdlaw projects, by design. For example, We the Citizens in Ireland, Participatory Decentralization in Montevideo, and the forthcoming Citizens Assemblies on Brexit in the UK all select citizens to partake in consultations, whereas other systems like GovTogetherBC in Canada, Barcelona Decidim, and Better Reykjavik have open calls to citizens. This diversity allows comparisons across projects. Of course, given the multivariate nature of crowdlaw, causation cannot be inferred with certainty in such cases. But they provide useful real-life case studies that avoid the challenges of simulating complex forms of engagement.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2700\" id=\"2700\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">The \u003Ca href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/\" data-href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Open Government Partnership\u003C/a> and the \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ndi.org/\" data-href=\"https://www.ndi.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">National Democratic Institute \u003C/a>are working across the Western Hemisphere to promote legislative transparency and openness, giving parliaments the tools, education, and support to do so.²⁵ OGP has generated 2800 commitments across 159 National Action Plans, which include promoting legislative openness and, increasingly, citizen engagement by parliaments.²⁶ \u003Ca href=\"https://en.ciudadanointeligente.org/\" data-href=\"https://en.ciudadanointeligente.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Fundación Ciudadano Inteligente\u003C/a> is managing ten transparency, accountability, and participation platforms across Chile and Brazil, including a platform under development that will enable participation in policy implementation in the local government context.²⁷ Additionally, organizations such as \u003Ca href=\"http://directoriolegislativo.org/\" data-href=\"http://directoriolegislativo.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Directorio Legislativo\u003C/a> are monitoring debates and information flows across 18 countries in Latin America, using consensus-building and partnership with advocacy organizations to increase data available on topics being legislated.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"5507\" id=\"5507\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">With tech-based engagement such as online engagement platforms, it also becomes easier to undertake qualitative experiments, including the dissemination of surveys and questionnaires to participants pre- and post-engagement to inquire about their motivations or to test their level of political and civic knowledge pre- and post-participation. It is also possible to inquire of participants who sign up but never participate or to ask questions of those who are more or less active participants.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"39d8\" id=\"39d8\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">As crowdlaw initiatives proliferate, it will become faster and easier to replicate these experiments at greater scale and frequency.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2bee\" id=\"2bee\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Role of the Open Assembly Lab\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3128\" id=\"3128\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">To institutionalize crowdlaw in practice requires a parallel effort to undertake mixed-methods research to learn what works at each stage of the lawmaking process. Thus, we can envision, for example, testing myriad questions in practice as the Assembly begins to roll out new crowdlaw mechanisms. Effectively undertaking such research will require collaboration between the academy and government, to design experiments and implement them in practice.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d4c1\" id=\"d4c1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">To advance research on crowdlaw and, in turn, assess and evolve its own crowdlaw practices, the Open Assembly Lab should therefore:\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d45e\" id=\"d45e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">1) Create a global research advisory network to work with multidisciplinary researchers from law, political science, computer science, human-computer interaction, sociology, and other relevant fields to design ethical and implementable experiments in conjunction with the roll-out of crowdlaw practices.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2263\" id=\"2263\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">2) Establish a data collection mechanism for accumulating the data thrown off by citizen engagement processes and, subject to privacy guarantees, open up that data to the research community to study.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2c58\" id=\"2c58\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">3) Require all researchers using this data to, in turn, share their own data and results and make their methods transparent.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"c5cb\" id=\"c5cb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">4) Work with the advisory network to establish data standards and a data dictionary to ensure that the resulting data can be compared.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"bb5a\" id=\"bb5a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">5) Reach out to practitioners in other jurisdictions to encourage similar data standardization and sharing efforts and to catalyze research experiments across jurisdictions.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"94d6\" id=\"94d6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">6) Create a research fellowship or grant program and invite proposals from those beyond the advisory network who wish to undertake advanced research on crowdlaw. Such opportunities should, in particular, target younger, more diverse, and interdisciplinary researchers and support collaboration between researchers and parliamentary staff.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"0071\" id=\"0071\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">7) Hire staff for the Assembly with training in research methods and train all staff in how and when to use RCTs and other experimental design methods so as to create a sensibility for and awareness of the value of research. Where academics cannot be brought into government, however, the Assembly should push questions and accompanying data out to them in the field.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e388\" id=\"e388\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">8) Report data and relevant aggregate statistics from experiments at the Lab and other institutions to the Assembly and the Spanish public.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f56d\" id=\"f56d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">9) Develop and publish ethical guidelines for conducting research involving public participants. Rules on ethical but efficient administration of research need to be clarified.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"700e\" id=\"700e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">10) Disclose all information collection and conduct research consistent with European and Spanish law and human rights values in order that participants know when they are participating in a research experiment.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"41f0\" id=\"41f0\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In addition to its value for how we design democratic institutions, crowdlaw research will advance scholarship in legal academy by addressing the impact of technology on legislative processes. Second, by advancing our understanding of how and why groups collaborate online, crowdlaw will also represent a contribution to the empirical social sciences. This work is urgently needed because we know that crowdlaw practices, in many cases, do not seem to be working well and lack established criteria for evaluation. Thus, crowdsourcing in the legislative arena is a ripe and important area for research with the potential to advance and build a field of study and, at the same time, have contemporaneous impact for public institutions.\u003Cbr> \u003Cbr> Because of the potential to help institutions innovate at a time when the world is desperate for a re-imagining of democratic mechanisms, crowdlaw has the potential to transform lawmaking radically by injecting more and more diverse sources of ideas, information, and expertise into the lawmaking process at every stage. With rates of trust in government at all-time lows, the weakening legitimacy of traditional representative models of lawmaking, typically dominated by political party agendas and conducted by professional staff and politicians working behind closed doors, is called into question. There is frequent critique of the absence of democratic legitimacy in the lawmaking process, a concern which only grows with the delegation of power to unelected agencies to craft the rules that implement legislation.,\u003Cbr> \u003Cbr> In the face of increasingly complex challenges, rapid social change and technological innovation, governments must find new ways to do more with less, innovating in how they work. Thus, it is not enough to experiment with new policies in the laboratory of democracy if we use the same beakers. We need to change the processes by which we make policy and deliver services for the public good. The explosion of crowdlaw initiatives has already created the opportunity for “when.” Now, empirical yet agile research in the wild is the route to knowing “how.”\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f564\" id=\"f564\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">- Gabriella Capone and Beth Noveck\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\u003Csection name=\"09d5\" class=\"section section--body\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Cp name=\"fa3b\" id=\"fa3b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf--leading\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Next posts in the series:\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"postList\">\u003Cli name=\"fa06\" id=\"fa06\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">#10. \u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-about-acknowledgements-4909a5463721\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-about-acknowledgements-4909a5463721\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdLaw | Acknowledgements\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp name=\"3f2c\" id=\"3f2c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li graf--trailing\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Or go to the first post in the series and table of contents \u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-af1a9e1c9455\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-af1a9e1c9455\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">here\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">.\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\u003Csection name=\"f07a\" class=\"section section--body section--last\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Ch3 name=\"ab16\" id=\"ab16\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf--leading\">Footnotes\u003C/h3>\u003Cp name=\"49d5\" id=\"49d5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">¹ Jeff Howe, “The Rise of Crowdsourcing,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Wired Magazine,\u003C/em> June 1,\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> \u003C/em>2006, 1–4. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/\" data-href=\"https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.wired.com/2006/06/crowds/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"7dd5\" id=\"7dd5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">² Andrea Blasco, Olivia S. Jung, Karim R. Lakhani and Michael Menietti, “Motivating Effort in Contributing to Public Goods Inside Organizations: Field Experimental Evidence” (Working Paper №22189, National Bureau of Economic Research\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">, \u003C/em>April 2016). Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w22189\" data-href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w22189\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.nber.org/papers/w22189\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"4811\" id=\"4811\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³ Kevin J Boudreau and Karim R. Lakhani, “Using the Crowd as an Innovation Partner,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Harvard Business Review, \u003C/em>91:4 (2013): 61–69. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2013/04/using-the-crowd-as-an-innovation-partner\" data-href=\"https://hbr.org/2013/04/using-the-crowd-as-an-innovation-partner\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://hbr.org/2013/04/using-the-crowd-as-an-innovation-partner\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"00cd\" id=\"00cd\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁴ Henry Chesbrough, Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology, (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 2003).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"500a\" id=\"500a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁵ John Prpić, Prashant P. Shukla, Jan H. Kietzmann, and Ian P. McCarthy, “How to Work a Crowd: Developing Crowd Capital through Crowdsourcing,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Business Horizons\u003C/em> 58:1, 2015: 77–85. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=yiueCGUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=yiueCGUAAAAJ:vV6vV6tmYwMC\" data-href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=yiueCGUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=yiueCGUAAAAJ:vV6vV6tmYwMC\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=yiueCGUAAAAJ&citation_for_view=yiueCGUAAAAJ:vV6vV6tmYwMC\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"cf8c\" id=\"cf8c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁶ Helen K. Liu, “Crowdsourcing Government: Lessons from Multiple Disciplines,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Public Administration Review \u003C/em>(July 2017).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"8131\" id=\"8131\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁷ Hélène Landemore, “Inclusive Constitution‐Making: The Icelandic Experiment,” Journal of Political Philosophy 23:2 (June, 2016): 166–191. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Helene_Landemore/publication/264715817_Inclusive_Constitution-Making_The_Icelandic_Experiment/links/56ab7e4708ae8f386569b7d2.pdf\" data-href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Helene_Landemore/publication/264715817_Inclusive_Constitution-Making_The_Icelandic_Experiment/links/56ab7e4708ae8f386569b7d2.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Helene_Landemore/publication/264715817_Inclusive_Constitution-Making_The_Icelandic_Experiment/links/56ab7e4708ae8f386569b7d2.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"7399\" id=\"7399\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁸ Daren C. Brabham, “Motivations for Participation in a Crowdsourcing Application to Improve Public Engagement in Transit Planning,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Journal of Applied Communication Research\u003C/em> 40:3: 307–28.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"34c6\" id=\"34c6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁹ Daren C. Brabham, \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Crowdsourcing in the Public Sector\u003C/em> (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2015).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d8a8\" id=\"d8a8\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁰ Tanja Aitamurto, “Crowdsourcing for Democracy: A New Era in Policy-Making,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Parliament of Finland, Committee for the Future \u003C/em>(2012). Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/crowdsourcing_for_democracy_new_era_in_policymaking\" data-href=\"http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/crowdsourcing_for_democracy_new_era_in_policymaking\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/publications/crowdsourcing_for_democracy_new_era_in_policymaking\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d4ac\" id=\"d4ac\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹¹ Cristiano Ferri Soares de Faria, \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Open Parliament in the Age of the Internet: Can the People Now Collaborate with Legislatures in Lawmaking?\u003C/em> (Brasília: Câmara dos Deputados Edições Câmara, 2013). Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://bd.camara.gov.br/bd/handle/bdcamara/12756.\" data-href=\"http://bd.camara.gov.br/bd/handle/bdcamara/12756.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://bd.camara.gov.br/bd/handle/bdcamara/12756.\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2d84\" id=\"2d84\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹² Tanja Aitamurto and Hélène Landemore, “Crowdsourced Deliberation: The Case of the Law on Off-Road Traffic in Finland,”\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> Policy & Internet \u003C/em>8:2\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> \u003C/em>(June 2015): 174–196. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/poi3.115/abstract\" data-href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/poi3.115/abstract\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/poi3.115/abstract\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"63c9\" id=\"63c9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹³ Thomas W. Malone, Robert Laubacher, and Chrysanthos Dellarocas, “Harnessing Crowds:Mapping the Genome of Collective Intelligence,” (\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">MIT Center for Collective Intelligence Working Paper\u003C/em>, 2009).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d067\" id=\"d067\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁴ Richard Hackman, “A Normative Model of Work Team Effectiveness,” (\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Yale School of Management Research Program on Group Effectiveness, Technical Report #2, \u003C/em>November 1983).\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"29de\" id=\"29de\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁵ Richard Hackman and Nancy Katz, “Group Behavior and Performance,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Handbook of Social Psychology, Volume 2\u003C/em>, (Wiley: Hoboken, NJ), 2010: 1208–1252.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2dbf\" id=\"2dbf\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁶ Beth Simone Noveck, \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Smarter Citizens, Smarter State: The Technologies of Expertise and the Future of Governing\u003C/em>, (Harvard University Press: Boston, MA), 2015: 75–77.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"cc3b\" id=\"cc3b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁷ Tanja Aitamurto, Hélène Landemore and Jorge Saldivar Galli, “Unmasking the crowd: participants’ motivation factors, expectations, and profile in a Crowdsourced law reform” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Information, Communication & Society \u003C/em>20:8 (2017): 1239–1260. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1228993\" data-href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1228993\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1228993\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"c76e\" id=\"c76e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁸ Jonathan Mellon, Hollie Russon Gilman, Fredrik M. Sjoberg and Tiago Peixoto, “Gender and Political Mobilization Online: Participation and Policy Success on a Global Petitioning Platform,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Harvard Kennedy School Ash Center Occasional Papers\u003C/em> (July 2017): 1–49. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/gender_and_political_mobilization_online.pdf\" data-href=\"https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/gender_and_political_mobilization_online.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/gender_and_political_mobilization_online.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"b866\" id=\"b866\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁹ Lena Mamykina, Bella Manoim, Manas Mittal, George Hripcsak and Björn Hartmann, \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">“\u003C/em>Design Lessons from the Fastest Q&A Site in the West” (paper presented at\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> \u003C/em>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 7–12, 2011)\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">.\u003C/em> Available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bjoern/papers/mamykina-stackoverflow-chi2011.pdf\" data-href=\"https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bjoern/papers/mamykina-stackoverflow-chi2011.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://people.eecs.berkeley.edu/~bjoern/papers/mamykina-stackoverflow-chi2011.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"67a7\" id=\"67a7\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁰ Kevin J. Boudreau, Nicola Lacetera and Karim R. Lakhani, “Incentives and Problem Uncertainty in Innovation Contests: An Empirical Analysis,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Management Science\u003C/em> 57:5 (May 2011): 843–863. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=39248\" data-href=\"http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=39248\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=39248\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e882\" id=\"e882\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²¹ Al Mamunur Rashid, Kimberly Ling, Regina D Tassone, Paul Resnick, Robert Kraut and John Riedl, “Motivating Participation by Displaying the Value of Contribution” (paper presented at Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Montréal, Québec, Canada, April 22–28, 2006. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://presnick.people.si.umich.edu/papers/CHI06/rashidAl.pdf\" data-href=\"http://presnick.people.si.umich.edu/papers/CHI06/rashidAl.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://presnick.people.si.umich.edu/papers/CHI06/rashidAl.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"af6e\" id=\"af6e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²² Cliff Lampe and Erik Johnston, “Follow the (Slash)Dot: Effects of Feedback on New Members in an Online Community” (paper presented at Proceedings of the International ACM SIGgroup Conference on Supporting Group Work Proceedings, New York, NY, November 6–9, 2005). Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://students.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11899/files/cp3a-p11-lampe.pdf\" data-href=\"http://students.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11899/files/cp3a-p11-lampe.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://students.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11899/files/cp3a-p11-lampe.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"70db\" id=\"70db\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²³ Tanja Aitamurto, Hélène Landemore, David Lee and Ashish Goel\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">,\u003C/em> “Seven Lessons from the Crowdsourced Law Reform in Finland,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Governance Lab, \u003C/em>October 30, 2013. Available at: \u003Ca href=\"http://thegovlab.org/seven-lessons-from-the-crowdsourced-law-reform-in-finland/\" data-href=\"http://thegovlab.org/seven-lessons-from-the-crowdsourced-law-reform-in-finland/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://thegovlab.org/seven-lessons-from-the-crowdsourced-law-reform-in-finland/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"9138\" id=\"9138\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁴ E. Donald Elliott, “Re- Inventing Rulemaking,” Duke Law Journal 41(1992): 1490, 1492\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"ca09\" id=\"ca09\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁵ “Legislative Openness,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Open Governance Partnership\u003C/em>, 2017, accessed July 26, 2017, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/working-groups/legislative-openness-0\" data-href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/working-groups/legislative-openness-0\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.opengovpartnership.org/about/working-groups/legislative-openness-0\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"8a49\" id=\"8a49\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁶ “OGP Process Step 2: Develop an Action Plan,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Open Governance Partnership\u003C/em>, January 2016, accessed July 26, 2017, \u003Ca href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/resources/ogp-process-step-2-develop-action-plan\" data-href=\"https://www.opengovpartnership.org/resources/ogp-process-step-2-develop-action-plan\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.opengovpartnership.org/resources/ogp-process-step-2-develop-action-plan\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"c625\" id=\"c625\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing\">²⁷ Conversation with Pablo Collada, July 2017.\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\n",{},"/blogposts/9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation",{"title":40,"description":44},"9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation","blogposts/9-an-agenda-for-research-and-experimentation","JFgZqY8LIhO6CjcTSQlGIZCiyaDoTYrGoyUak6YyZxQ",[56,69,83,98,112,125,137,149,162,174,188,200,212,224,236,248,260,270,281,295,308,321,334,345,357,371,386,399,412,425,438,451,460,473,485,497,510,523,535,547,559,571,584,597,609,621,634,645,656,670,683,697,708,721,732,745,757,769,781,794,806,818,832,845,858,870,882,894,906,918,930,942,954,967,979,991,1005,1017,1029,1040,1054,1067,1081,1093,1106,1118,1130,1142,1154,1164,1176,1188,1200,1213,1225,1237,1252,1264,1276,1290,1302,1316,1330,1343,1356,1368,1381,1393,1405,1417,1429,1442,1454,1467,1478,1489,1503,1516,1528,1540,1552,1563,1575,1586],{"id":57,"title":58,"affiliation":34,"bio":59,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":61,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":62,"name":58,"navigation":15,"path":64,"photo":34,"role":65,"seo":66,"stem":67,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":68},"faculty/faculty/adam-zable.json","Adam Zable","Adam Zable is a Research Fellow at the GovLab. His work and research interests focus on the intersection of emerging technologies, data governance, and democracy. In his previous role as the Director of Emerging Technologies at the Digital Trade and Data Governance Hub, he spearheaded the development of the Global Data Governance Mapping Project, assessing national-level data governance efforts across the globe, and organized conferences on the international policy implications of extended reality and on data governance in the age of generative AI. He holds a Master of Public Policy from the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy and resides in Freiburg, Germany.","author","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1646f23a-0139-43d8-b0b2-51a455000728",{"slug":63},"adam-zable","/faculty/adam-zable","Research Fellow",{},"faculty/adam-zable","5bR3wydz1eXMWjD7PSD8j4im9GZM7_x4k8iz5TN85Dw",{"id":70,"title":71,"affiliation":34,"bio":72,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":74,"legacy":15,"linkedin":75,"meta":76,"name":71,"navigation":15,"path":78,"photo":34,"role":79,"seo":80,"stem":81,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":82},"faculty/faculty/adrienne-schmoeker.json","Adrienne Schmoeker","Adrienne Schmoeker is the former Deputy Chief Analytics Officer for the City of New York. During her tenure with the City of New York she led the team at the NYC Mayor's Office of Data Analytics, grew the NYC Open Data Program, co-founded NYC Open Data Week and was part of the founding team in the inaugural NYC CTO's Office. Prior to working for New York City government Adrienne led new market expansion and the development of the enterprise business for the social-impact company Catchafire. Adrienne is currently advising urban technology startups, helping design new data programs and advising on government technology programs working to close the digital divide.","instructor","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d359af3c-47d4-4da8-a3b1-acc521906ceb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/schmoeker/",{"slug":77},"adrienne-schmoeker","/faculty/adrienne-schmoeker","Course Advisor",{},"faculty/adrienne-schmoeker","z_7IPuXoKOHDOgpFTsSqBY_T1QYYDk0kAWowjYGC3ow",{"id":84,"title":85,"affiliation":86,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":88,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":89,"legacy":46,"linkedin":90,"meta":91,"name":85,"navigation":15,"path":93,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":94,"stem":95,"topic":96,"website":34,"__hash__":97},"faculty/faculty/alex-hutchison.json","Alex Hutchison","Forr Data","guest-faculty","DS Berlin 2024, DS Berlin 2025","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6c6e0f38-0cae-48d9-9c3d-acea65f0eb5c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-hutchison-62517412/",{"slug":92},"alex-hutchison","/faculty/alex-hutchison",{},"faculty/alex-hutchison","Impact Measurement & Work of Data for Children Collaborative","Q6zJ9wxOc_kYKt4uhkMYd9u3Ptug0EKTJWUmU75-NX4",{"id":99,"title":100,"affiliation":101,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":102,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":103,"legacy":15,"linkedin":104,"meta":105,"name":100,"navigation":15,"path":107,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":108,"stem":109,"topic":110,"website":34,"__hash__":111},"faculty/faculty/alex-pompe.json","Alex Pompe","Freelancer, Open Mapping and Nature Photography","DS Turin 2024","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/049e41fa-e266-495e-80e1-0096c00bca85","https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexpompe/",{"slug":106},"alex-pompe","/faculty/alex-pompe",{},"faculty/alex-pompe","Data powered collaborations for social good & Meta's Data for Good Work","NxXESqPg21h7BH-7afZnYJ00dZxFvjnMPJZFkxAyNPY",{"id":113,"title":114,"affiliation":115,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":117,"legacy":15,"linkedin":118,"meta":119,"name":114,"navigation":15,"path":121,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":122,"stem":123,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":124},"faculty/faculty/alison-paprica.json","Alison Paprica","University of Toronto","DS Academy 2020-2022","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/22da179a-53e4-4752-aa1a-1f70bb07ffaa","https://www.linkedin.com/in/p-alison-paprica-4468326/",{"slug":120},"alison-paprica","/faculty/alison-paprica",{},"faculty/alison-paprica","GdVZUxEJDplSSVWpxCQFaDliddUXHhtXXbk2BbtBQeA",{"id":126,"title":127,"affiliation":128,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":129,"legacy":15,"linkedin":130,"meta":131,"name":127,"navigation":15,"path":133,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":134,"stem":135,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":136},"faculty/faculty/amen-ra-mashariki.json","Amen Ra Mashariki","Bezos Earth Fund","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a4701d40-6533-4230-8874-871ac94b3f34","https://www.linkedin.com/in/amen-ra-mashariki-1452885/",{"slug":132},"amen-ra-mashariki","/faculty/amen-ra-mashariki",{},"faculty/amen-ra-mashariki","B9EIq50RRHe6ou-4B7T6sCncR2ahTJxjNa8CKUzSMHg",{"id":138,"title":139,"affiliation":140,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":141,"legacy":15,"linkedin":142,"meta":143,"name":139,"navigation":15,"path":145,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":146,"stem":147,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":148},"faculty/faculty/amy-regas.json","Amy Regas","Tetra Tech","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4b28666d-dde5-4d03-bd08-d7aa6009b6e3","https://www.linkedin.com/in/amykimregas/",{"slug":144},"amy-regas","/faculty/amy-regas",{},"faculty/amy-regas","YdWm44wcLD4bmciE5cbyAEjZTvsqHUtaxZLa3Hsy1I4",{"id":150,"title":151,"affiliation":152,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":102,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":153,"legacy":46,"linkedin":154,"meta":155,"name":151,"navigation":15,"path":157,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":158,"stem":159,"topic":160,"website":34,"__hash__":161},"faculty/faculty/andrea-zaramella.json","Andrea Zaramella","Vodafone Business","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6bb956bb-52af-469e-8cdf-2dff4a4a4321","https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreazaramelladott/",{"slug":156},"andrea-zaramella","/faculty/andrea-zaramella",{},"faculty/andrea-zaramella","Use of TELCO Data for Impact Evaluation","VkhRswUzIdWPshGjj7Js6ub9aLPKoPWBg3C4mMWCB68",{"id":163,"title":164,"affiliation":165,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":166,"legacy":15,"linkedin":167,"meta":168,"name":164,"navigation":15,"path":170,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":171,"stem":172,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":173},"faculty/faculty/andrew-collinge.json","Andrew Collinge","Jacobs","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6a9b4a0a-d447-4c44-aeaa-ab2155274359","https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-collinge-0708b91b/",{"slug":169},"andrew-collinge","/faculty/andrew-collinge",{},"faculty/andrew-collinge","CJI_-FFIpM7E761MupRMJsu5qZDTThFIU9aiNR1X2s0",{"id":175,"title":176,"affiliation":34,"bio":177,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":178,"legacy":46,"linkedin":179,"meta":180,"name":182,"navigation":15,"path":183,"photo":34,"role":184,"seo":185,"stem":186,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":187},"faculty/faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec.json","Andrew J Zahuranec","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Andrew J. Zahuranec is a Research and Partnership Manager at The GovLab, where he oversees projects focused on how advances in science and technology can improve governance and help society better address systemic challenges such as climate change and migration. Andrew has coordinated and managed various initiatives, including the #Data4COVID19 Africa Challenge—a collaboration between l'Agence française de développement (AFD), Expertise France, and The GovLab to accelerate responsible data innovation to tackle COVID-19 pandemic and its effects across Africa—and the Responsible Data for Children initiative—a collaboration with UNICEF to promote the more effective and responsible use of data for and about children in settings afflicted with challenges such as forced migration, climate change, and disaster response. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong id=\"docs-internal-guid-ccdeb17b-7fff-01a5-cb71-4ee622a7f2b9\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/strong>In addition, Andrew conducts significant research on data collaboration and data stewardship, especially as they relate to ongoing, dynamic crises. He developed publications including \u003Cem>The #Data4COVID19 Review, The Use of Mobility Data for Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and What Is Mobility Data? Where Is It Used?\u003C/em>, all of which examined the role that non-traditional data could play in understanding patterns of human mobility for pandemic response. He is a lead for the Data Stewards Academy and has facilitated courses on data stewardship for the State of Maryland.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d7d6b2e8-0e2e-4f85-b1b7-2074e8ab6932","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ajzahuranec/",{"slug":181},"andrew-j-zahuranec","Andrew J. Zahuranec","/faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec","Course Facilitator",{},"faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec","yzaZQzcLZDC1c1DhsU9KAioBGaCIWd8NOlZVK5ui2Vw",{"id":189,"title":190,"affiliation":34,"bio":191,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":192,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":193,"name":190,"navigation":15,"path":195,"photo":34,"role":196,"seo":197,"stem":198,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":199},"faculty/faculty/andrew-young.json","Andrew Young","Andrew Young is the Knowledge Director at The GovLab, where he leads research efforts focusing on the impact of technology on public institutions. Among the grant-funded projects he has directed are a global assessment of the impact of open government data; comparative benchmarking of government innovation efforts against those of other countries; a methodology for leveraging corporate data to benefit the public good; and crafting the experimental design for testing the adoption of technology innovations in federal agencies.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/25da5949-b5b6-4d38-9536-d1c14254d987",{"slug":194},"andrew-young","/faculty/andrew-young","Knowledge Director",{},"faculty/andrew-young","ES3foDZEbla4rnSjm-O-j2YKaeuV7UJT-wYzo3nsWHM",{"id":201,"title":202,"affiliation":203,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":204,"legacy":15,"linkedin":205,"meta":206,"name":202,"navigation":15,"path":208,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":209,"stem":210,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":211},"faculty/faculty/astha-kapoor.json","Astha Kapoor","Aapti Institute","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/e6b4a35a-9c6b-4cca-a83f-ec6a030191cf","https://www.linkedin.com/in/astha-kapoor-020b4760/",{"slug":207},"astha-kapoor","/faculty/astha-kapoor",{},"faculty/astha-kapoor","1dBPf4BnttnxR4o4dPzmhz1cd59hs20Kcoz01SZiY50",{"id":213,"title":214,"affiliation":215,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":216,"legacy":15,"linkedin":217,"meta":218,"name":214,"navigation":15,"path":220,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":221,"stem":222,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":223},"faculty/faculty/audrey-tang.json","Audrey Tang","Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/69c84800-8eba-4fc4-b536-4971a87729bb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tangaudrey/",{"slug":219},"audrey-tang","/faculty/audrey-tang",{},"faculty/audrey-tang","guDc8SZ1teF85fU2ZpyjBo5kT7eFEi6aqz0KnMI3ZQc",{"id":225,"title":226,"affiliation":227,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":228,"legacy":15,"linkedin":229,"meta":230,"name":226,"navigation":15,"path":232,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":233,"stem":234,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":235},"faculty/faculty/bapu-vaitla.json","Bapu Vaitla","City of Davis & Data2X","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/55cfe9b5-222f-4521-8416-b6dca6f2969c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/bapu-vaitla-3389b94/",{"slug":231},"bapu-vaitla","/faculty/bapu-vaitla",{},"faculty/bapu-vaitla","xY4K5eu3CdK8TcDvRERRonurgCaRe7vfqME3ptSPXoQ",{"id":237,"title":238,"affiliation":239,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":240,"legacy":15,"linkedin":241,"meta":242,"name":238,"navigation":15,"path":244,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":245,"stem":246,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":247},"faculty/faculty/barbara-ubaldi.json","Barbara Ubaldi","Tony Blair Institute for Global Change","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6a3cc3f2-b0d1-46d0-94fe-088d6607976f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/barbara-ubaldi-416146/",{"slug":243},"barbara-ubaldi","/faculty/barbara-ubaldi",{},"faculty/barbara-ubaldi","OqdWXuIUfhBjhmn9X4-G4P0L3YgggPM_hGvvy9C8Iho",{"id":249,"title":250,"affiliation":251,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":252,"legacy":15,"linkedin":253,"meta":254,"name":250,"navigation":15,"path":256,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":257,"stem":258,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":259},"faculty/faculty/bart-rousseau.json","Bart Rousseau","Digital Vlaanderen","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1aa4a2bb-f3e7-4509-89e5-0605a0a92423","https://www.linkedin.com/in/bartrosseau/",{"slug":255},"bart-rousseau","/faculty/bart-rousseau",{},"faculty/bart-rousseau","FzXJOFe3JOVPVIw_CuvcAR_rOIaEScwzutzZ2svmUoI",{"id":261,"title":262,"affiliation":34,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":34,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":263,"name":265,"navigation":15,"path":266,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":267,"stem":268,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":269},"faculty/faculty/begona-g-otero.json","Begona G Otero",{"slug":264},"begona-g-otero","Begoña G. 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University","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/e8770782-607b-4f62-8076-7980c7a7173f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/julia-stoyanovich-b184851/",{"slug":913},"julia-stoyanovich","/faculty/julia-stoyanovich",{},"faculty/julia-stoyanovich","Gw1KbXq3FyB0quxq7VTlz_EgLKDJlJrlDiEl2LQ0J0c",{"id":919,"title":920,"affiliation":921,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":922,"legacy":15,"linkedin":923,"meta":924,"name":920,"navigation":15,"path":926,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":927,"stem":928,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":929},"faculty/faculty/kersten-jauer.json","Kersten Jauer","United 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America","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/b5553bc1-fcf2-4012-b359-3e6d08b95202","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoral/",{"slug":974},"lilian-coral","/faculty/lilian-coral",{},"faculty/lilian-coral","PFVGbRvqYy1KzELxWJoua5jrbJnMNUzlngzC92NPKF4",{"id":980,"title":981,"affiliation":982,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":983,"legacy":15,"linkedin":984,"meta":985,"name":981,"navigation":15,"path":987,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":988,"stem":989,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":990},"faculty/faculty/lisa-moretti.json","Lisa Moretti","Freelance, Digital Sociologist","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2ee04896-2db7-436c-b2b8-1de20e12c578","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lisataliamoretti/",{"slug":986},"lisa-moretti","/faculty/lisa-moretti",{},"faculty/lisa-moretti","EV8XLcbAFAoKtBzuzfT85iXeQ49CT2LH-2tTPcZln8I",{"id":992,"title":993,"affiliation":994,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":995,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":996,"legacy":15,"linkedin":997,"meta":998,"name":993,"navigation":15,"path":1000,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1001,"stem":1002,"topic":1003,"website":34,"__hash__":1004},"faculty/faculty/ludovica-paseri.json","Ludovica Paseri","University of Turin","DS Turin 2024, DS Milan 2026","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f7c1cd4c-45fe-44b5-8d73-7ba5b03f394d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ludovica-paseri-616880149/",{"slug":999},"ludovica-paseri","/faculty/ludovica-paseri",{},"faculty/ludovica-paseri","Legal Implications to Data 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Innovation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/453663e1-2ae9-4767-b18d-40c689edd62f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lynn-overmann-325bb432/",{"slug":1012},"lynn-overmann","/faculty/lynn-overmann",{},"faculty/lynn-overmann","T_4VBcHNBpT91i3OLMPlturz60ufyjOayd4Wu5Y0s5E",{"id":1018,"title":1019,"affiliation":1020,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1021,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1022,"meta":1023,"name":1019,"navigation":15,"path":1025,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1026,"stem":1027,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1028},"faculty/faculty/marc-lepage.json","Marc Lepage","Asian Development Bank","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0b25f882-fdb8-4cc3-bbf2-5d7a9f174c7a","https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlepage/",{"slug":1024},"marc-lepage","/faculty/marc-lepage",{},"faculty/marc-lepage","JCDw1BHIBhdOfzo1coSP7TDfQgIgSwdNw8P2txPefxY",{"id":1030,"title":1031,"affiliation":574,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1032,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1033,"meta":1034,"name":1031,"navigation":15,"path":1036,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1037,"stem":1038,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1039},"faculty/faculty/marcus-bartley-johns.json","Marcus Bartley Johns","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a36a2963-d9c0-4f73-a66c-ca96ae2dad3e","https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcus-bartley-johns-57a84422/",{"slug":1035},"marcus-bartley-johns","/faculty/marcus-bartley-johns",{},"faculty/marcus-bartley-johns","6ezX8H4I7u6nV0D1iKncL_l-M-af7CYPz9NXFU1iaAk",{"id":1041,"title":1042,"affiliation":1043,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":660,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1044,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1045,"meta":1046,"name":1048,"navigation":15,"path":1049,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1050,"stem":1051,"topic":1052,"website":34,"__hash__":1053},"faculty/faculty/martin-pompery.json","Martin Pompery","SINE Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ed8cc1b5-1ca9-4bfa-9ae2-e954ddf739b6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/pompery/",{"slug":1047},"martin-pompery","Martin Pompéry","/faculty/martin-pompery",{},"faculty/martin-pompery","Data Commons (Governance and Technical Infrastructure)","tjuo0EubXDpXzFAIg_QIbXCZltPEmfV5O6BB2OiGxgk",{"id":1055,"title":1056,"affiliation":34,"bio":1057,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1058,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1059,"meta":1060,"name":1062,"navigation":15,"path":1063,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1064,"stem":1065,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1066},"faculty/faculty/martin-stewart-weeks.json","Martin Stewart Weeks","\u003Cp>A strategic thinker, organisational consultant, policy analyst, facilitator and writer, Martin’s work draws on over 35 years’ experience spanning government, the “for purpose” or social sector and the corporate sector.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As well as his own advisory and research work, Martin has also been a senior advisor to Deloitte’s public sector team in Australia and with The Impact Assembly as part of PwC’s social impact practice.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He is an ANZSOG Practice Fellow for Digital Government Strategy and Leadership and the founder and principal of Public Purpose Pty Ltd, working at the intersection of public policy, strategy, leadership and technology. He has led the development of new programs exploring the public leadership implications of digital, data and AI, including the role of ethics and ethical frameworks for public leaders. He co-directs ANZSOG’s Deputies Leadership Program with Kathryn Anderson, that integrates a significant focus on the evolution of leadership responses to the opportunities and risks of digital, data and AI capabilities and platforms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>From 2001 to 2013, Martin led the Asia-Pacific public sector consulting and innovation team in Cisco’s Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG). He led strategy and design work on digital transformation and public policy and public sector reform projects in government, education, health, human services and urbanisation in India, China, South-East Asia, Australia and New Zealand.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Prior to his role in Cisco, Martin held various policy and management roles in the federal public sector, including Chief of Staff to a Minister in the Federal Government, a federal public servant (Communications, Sport, Recreation and Tourism) and as a research and strategy lead in the Office of Strategic Planning in the NSW Cabinet Office. For the past three years, and again in 2026, he has been a Learning Guide and facilities for the NSW Leadership Academy (Band 1 and Band 2 senior executives).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He chaired the former NSW Digital Government Advisory Panel and the Expert Advisory Group for the Welfare Payments Infrastructure Transformation program (WPIT) for the former federal Department of Human Services (now Services Australia).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He was a member of the Government 2.0 Task Force established by Federal Minister for Finance, Lindsay Tanner, in 2009. In 2017, Martin was one of 3 members of a review for the NSW Government, chaired by former NSW Premier Nick Greiner AC, of regulatory policy and strategy across the State.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He was an inaugural member of the NSW AI Advisory Group which crafted the early versions of what has now become the NSW AI Assurance Framework which is also being adapted as a national AI assurance framework.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Martin writes and speaks extensively on government, service design, digital transformation, the impact of AI in government and on public leadership for the digital age as well as on different dimensions of policy reform. Together with former Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner, he wrote Changing Shape: Institutions for a Digital Age (Longueville Press, February 2014).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He is also co-author with Simon Cooper of (Are We There Yet? Digital Transformation of Government and the Public Sector in Australia (Longueville Press, July 2019).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Martin holds an Honours degree in English from the University of York, a Masters degree in Social Science and Policy from the University of New South Wales as well as graduate qualifications in applied economics from what is now the University of Canberra.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ae57bd4e-ccca-4e57-90ae-ccdea38ab424","https://www.linkedin.com/in/msweeks/",{"slug":1061},"martin-stewart-weeks","Martin Stewart-Weeks","/faculty/martin-stewart-weeks",{},"faculty/martin-stewart-weeks","nuHbo3Pfrch0Q_uq8-nDe3bEo8ZnLVP1A8Psh91GOYc",{"id":1068,"title":1069,"affiliation":1070,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":88,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1071,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1072,"meta":1073,"name":1075,"navigation":15,"path":1076,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1077,"stem":1078,"topic":1079,"website":34,"__hash__":1080},"faculty/faculty/martin-wahlisch.json","Martin Wahlisch","University of Birmingham","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7615dae2-797a-4f6f-9597-c7c7ed0e8b92","https://www.linkedin.com/in/martinwaehlisch/",{"slug":1074},"martin-wahlisch","Martin Wählisch","/faculty/martin-wahlisch",{},"faculty/martin-wahlisch","Institutionalizing Data Stewardship, data hubs and digital transformation of public organizations","cZUQPYrsyAC_ng4hHzqnYTmfJC5j8FWC-2Zq7Uc4moc",{"id":1082,"title":1083,"affiliation":1084,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1085,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1086,"meta":1087,"name":1083,"navigation":15,"path":1089,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1090,"stem":1091,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1092},"faculty/faculty/michael-khoo.json","Michael Khoo","Asia Travel Tech, Digital Platforms Industry Associations","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2fd51780-b7e0-4f6a-9479-ee706f588580","https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-khoo-/",{"slug":1088},"michael-khoo","/faculty/michael-khoo",{},"faculty/michael-khoo","vRl_-AO0A8xraN5t_Y_XgR1EMzL-G9WpJKI9LRhnKSM",{"id":1094,"title":1095,"affiliation":1096,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1097,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1098,"meta":1099,"name":1101,"navigation":15,"path":1102,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1103,"stem":1104,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1105},"faculty/faculty/michael-p-canares.json","Michael P Canares","Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/67c98b20-e643-4314-8e6c-3fb94387560e","https://www.linkedin.com/in/michaelcanares/",{"slug":1100},"michael-p-canares","Michael P. Cañares","/faculty/michael-p-canares",{},"faculty/michael-p-canares","6BbSAcLd0R0TuJaYMZ_bcmUHcwp5VrQCMy2iTB6QXlU",{"id":1107,"title":1108,"affiliation":34,"bio":1109,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1110,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1111,"name":1108,"navigation":15,"path":1113,"photo":34,"role":1114,"seo":1115,"stem":1116,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1117},"faculty/faculty/michelle-winowatan.json","Michelle Winowatan","Michelle Winowatan is a Research Assistant at The GovLab, where she focuses on exploring the ways data and collaboration can improve policymaking. Previously, she has worked at several international nonprofit organizations, such as Search for Common Ground and Human Rights Watch, implementing projects that focused on conflict and human rights issues. She is a Fulbright awardee, through which she obtained her MPA in Public and Nonprofit Management and Policy from New York University. She also has a BA in International Relations from Universitas Pelita Harapan, in Indonesia.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3b47fcf8-abb4-4ef9-b85f-3ce0f73497e3",{"slug":1112},"michelle-winowatan","/faculty/michelle-winowatan","Research Assistant",{},"faculty/michelle-winowatan","ntoprYtYdb69qzeOoDH0OIZRyYocJVD0uWd0qtFkRIA",{"id":1119,"title":1120,"affiliation":1121,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1122,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1123,"meta":1124,"name":1120,"navigation":15,"path":1126,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1127,"stem":1128,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1129},"faculty/faculty/natalia-adler.json","Natalia Adler","Mitiga Solutions","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/57496f31-6ebb-41af-8fd7-eb98ff828199","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nataliaadler/",{"slug":1125},"natalia-adler","/faculty/natalia-adler",{},"faculty/natalia-adler","x3XYVJctiWzq4vPbSnpRVYZqJf4wJGw9XvT1lhOUHyk",{"id":1131,"title":1132,"affiliation":1133,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1134,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1135,"meta":1136,"name":1132,"navigation":15,"path":1138,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1139,"stem":1140,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1141},"faculty/faculty/natalia-carfi.json","Natalia Carfi","Open Data Charter","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/bd0e0761-0de4-45cd-a475-bd0ee12a36d9","https://www.linkedin.com/in/natalia-carfi-8683029/",{"slug":1137},"natalia-carfi","/faculty/natalia-carfi",{},"faculty/natalia-carfi","DWP3TEtP8jvPaTnVAcRhfUa81L0oknuD_Ov4ueMyB0s",{"id":1143,"title":1144,"affiliation":1145,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1146,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1147,"meta":1148,"name":1144,"navigation":15,"path":1150,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1151,"stem":1152,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1153},"faculty/faculty/natalia-domagala.json","Natalia Domagala","Freelance, AI Strategy, Ethics & Transparency","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0702cbe7-3553-436c-b8cf-11c79af4cfe0","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nadomagala/",{"slug":1149},"natalia-domagala","/faculty/natalia-domagala",{},"faculty/natalia-domagala","z4UoxPAvcyt_19R6WsXAwqQ8KG3FlKWI1Df9ceQ2OAk",{"id":1155,"title":1156,"affiliation":34,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":34,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1157,"name":1159,"navigation":15,"path":1160,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1161,"stem":1162,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1163},"faculty/faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon.json","Natalia Gonzalez Alarcon",{"slug":1158},"natalia-gonzalez-alarcon","Natalia González Alarcón","/faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon",{},"faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon","5_O4v0eHO9xJcxtyU5BUk1_2r3V-ybOjkdqGq_DXddQ",{"id":1165,"title":1166,"affiliation":1167,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1168,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1169,"meta":1170,"name":1166,"navigation":15,"path":1172,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1173,"stem":1174,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1175},"faculty/faculty/nick-hart.json","Nick Hart","Data Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3112fb04-06e4-4c67-89ba-ba1344d58bfd","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nickrhart/",{"slug":1171},"nick-hart","/faculty/nick-hart",{},"faculty/nick-hart","nr_yHL5OvAPmgt58TYw04NVjf19AvCLixDQ-ZMwuRko",{"id":1177,"title":1178,"affiliation":1179,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1180,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1181,"meta":1182,"name":1178,"navigation":15,"path":1184,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1185,"stem":1186,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1187},"faculty/faculty/nicolas-schifano.json","Nicolas Schifano","Fastcatalog.ai","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/833ce985-df9a-44d7-9066-0b1e1c7777d9","https://www.linkedin.com/in/schifano/",{"slug":1183},"nicolas-schifano","/faculty/nicolas-schifano",{},"faculty/nicolas-schifano","4rKkBJGscyHEf8wdKvX5iTd--IdVRMqrSf7EtvF_M6g",{"id":1189,"title":1190,"affiliation":1191,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1192,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1193,"meta":1194,"name":1190,"navigation":15,"path":1196,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1197,"stem":1198,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1199},"faculty/faculty/nigel-jacob.json","Nigel Jacob","Barr Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/fecfd38e-9969-4fcf-b16e-06041d6aeaf6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nsjacob/",{"slug":1195},"nigel-jacob","/faculty/nigel-jacob",{},"faculty/nigel-jacob","2p7Bz3gycQDE6ffGBxPzAkMwBrWHVA5ZrOR6huMWsIs",{"id":1201,"title":1202,"affiliation":1203,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1204,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1205,"meta":1206,"name":1202,"navigation":15,"path":1208,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1209,"stem":1210,"topic":1211,"website":34,"__hash__":1212},"faculty/faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz.json","Oksana Riba Grognuz","Swiss Data Science Center","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/495267c3-3d55-4af6-ad6a-febd9d5af866","https://www.linkedin.com/in/oksana80/",{"slug":1207},"oksana-riba-grognuz","/faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz",{},"faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz","Creating a Loop for Sharing and Reuse of Processed Data (\"Data Products\")","vCN9ptAja28aOGuJB1BVKp9zxT4VSmIZx-ZtON_As4Y",{"id":1214,"title":1215,"affiliation":1216,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1217,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1218,"meta":1219,"name":1215,"navigation":15,"path":1221,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1222,"stem":1223,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1224},"faculty/faculty/paul-ko.json","Paul Ko","Grammarly","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/36f4d186-588e-4f9e-80b6-f1da1aae6e5d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulhko/",{"slug":1220},"paul-ko","/faculty/paul-ko",{},"faculty/paul-ko","xQQ0r2in4ZYZPu4O9cD4VvGB4veSoNYrx0eo5AZTaCk",{"id":1226,"title":1227,"affiliation":34,"bio":1228,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1229,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1230,"meta":1231,"name":1227,"navigation":15,"path":1233,"photo":34,"role":184,"seo":1234,"stem":1235,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1236},"faculty/faculty/paulina-behluli.json","Paulina Behluli","\u003Cp>Paulina is a Program Manager at the Data Tank in charge of the data stewardship program. She is a digital governance specialist, specifically, public sector innovation & transformation. At the Data Tank, she leads the Data Stewardship Program focusing on Data Stewards Bootcamps for senior executives across Europe. Paulina is also involved in fundraising and partnership building. In parallel, Paulina has supported in building the She Shapes AI initiative as a volunteer, and additionally served as an Expert Reviewer. She holds a Master’s Degree in Public Policy from the Hertie School in Berlin. Prior to joining The Data Tank, Ms Behluli has managed several projects at Open Data Kosovo - a Forbes 30 under 30 listed organization. She has led Kosovo’s membership in the Open Government Partnership leading a close collaboration with the Office of the Prime Minister. Ms Behluli has co-authored two reports measuring the openness and transparency of the Kosovo Parliament and the Office of the Prime Minister. She was also engaged in the Global Data Barometer study, where Open Data Kosovo acted as a regional hub responsible for monitoring data usage for public good in Kosovo and Albania. In Berlin, she worked for the Berlin Innovation Agency helping startups accelerate tech for social good. She also served as a student advisory board member at the Center for Digital Governance of the Hertie School for 2 consecutive academic years.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/92b175dd-c3ad-40bb-b67d-1bc77c854f4a","https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulinabehluli/",{"slug":1232},"paulina-behluli","/faculty/paulina-behluli",{},"faculty/paulina-behluli","KzMq7h-4JXW4j4bYqqTkIXwnl5QhtGb3qLT3UDEYy8Q",{"id":1238,"title":1239,"affiliation":1240,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":1241,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1242,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1243,"meta":1244,"name":1246,"navigation":15,"path":1247,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1248,"stem":1249,"topic":1250,"website":34,"__hash__":1251},"faculty/faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen.json","Peter Bjoern Larsen","Smart City Insights","DS Turin 2024, DS Berlin 2025","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/635b6215-76f6-4db0-bd1b-05f209453bec","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-bj%C3%B8rn/",{"slug":1245},"peter-bjoern-larsen","Peter Bjørn Larsen","/faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen",{},"faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen","Local data collaboratives for developing new data products and encourage more re-use of data in urban development","Lp-yGgDtRiumjQDA7V0pCK9eKgypPaVB_AQ2vCJurf4",{"id":1253,"title":1254,"affiliation":1255,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1256,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1257,"meta":1258,"name":1254,"navigation":15,"path":1260,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1261,"stem":1262,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1263},"faculty/faculty/peter-lovelock.json","Peter Lovelock","Access Partnership","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4a42ed27-8592-4d51-8dc4-7c06676d11e8","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-lovelock-24b234/",{"slug":1259},"peter-lovelock","/faculty/peter-lovelock",{},"faculty/peter-lovelock","T-0rMxQjEpVL0gBDJT3nu7rEeXXiZmVcF30aB_OECzk",{"id":1265,"title":1266,"affiliation":1267,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1268,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1269,"meta":1270,"name":1266,"navigation":15,"path":1272,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1273,"stem":1274,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1275},"faculty/faculty/peter-rabley.json","Peter Rabley","The Open Geospatial Consortium","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f7df3113-939b-4ec7-b527-f50622634e74","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterrabley/",{"slug":1271},"peter-rabley","/faculty/peter-rabley",{},"faculty/peter-rabley","DJ0hn_3mdyNHFgwu8wiVLPcziiRfljHClrWpRzW-3J4",{"id":1277,"title":1278,"affiliation":1279,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1280,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1281,"meta":1282,"name":1284,"navigation":15,"path":1285,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1286,"stem":1287,"topic":1288,"website":34,"__hash__":1289},"faculty/faculty/petra-keller-gueguen.json","Petra Keller Gueguen","Federal Statistical Office FSO","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/13164688-806d-4e0f-ad7e-2a3ceb3e4c86","https://www.linkedin.com/in/petra-keller-gu%C3%A9guen-1b58264a/",{"slug":1283},"petra-keller-gueguen","Petra Keller Guéguen","/faculty/petra-keller-gueguen",{},"faculty/petra-keller-gueguen","Agriculture and voting results: 2 use cases for successful data stewardship","Urak9ekI5LPju5tXbCLNHMy4FFgSvEZjhMxaGoK48U4",{"id":1291,"title":1292,"affiliation":1293,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1294,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1295,"meta":1296,"name":1292,"navigation":15,"path":1298,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1299,"stem":1300,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1301},"faculty/faculty/pieter-de-leenheer.json","Pieter De Leenheer","DNAnexus, Collibra","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4b3efc00-c8b9-4f27-9bc4-b5aa3bc7b28d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/pieterdeleenheer/",{"slug":1297},"pieter-de-leenheer","/faculty/pieter-de-leenheer",{},"faculty/pieter-de-leenheer","nAiKM_c4vT7YgMB6xtyozZ0sSP1dSe2FBYyadFwzBYI",{"id":1303,"title":1304,"affiliation":1305,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1306,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1307,"meta":1308,"name":1310,"navigation":15,"path":1311,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1312,"stem":1313,"topic":1314,"website":34,"__hash__":1315},"faculty/faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein.json","Prof Dr Maximilian Von Grafenstein","Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG)","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/199a4fc2-a59e-40cd-9129-e1c500724065","https://www.linkedin.com/in/max-von-grafenstein-208a8632/",{"slug":1309},"prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein","Prof. Dr. Maximilian von Grafenstein","/faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein",{},"faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein","Regulatory component to data sharing & pre-conditions for data governance and re-use","yw8vqvESuFtOZy5-U5JYfG2vp-D9avyR5X8pvXyC7s8",{"id":1317,"title":1318,"affiliation":1319,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1320,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1321,"meta":1322,"name":1324,"navigation":15,"path":1325,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1326,"stem":1327,"topic":1328,"website":34,"__hash__":1329},"faculty/faculty/prof-ingmar-weber.json","Prof Ingmar Weber","University of Saarland","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/955b4d7d-da9f-45df-b55b-343053d0b05d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ingmarweber/",{"slug":1323},"prof-ingmar-weber","Prof. Ingmar Weber","/faculty/prof-ingmar-weber",{},"faculty/prof-ingmar-weber","Computing for Society/Social Good","ePpzAhfnIE9mCjxcBmbJGDxpIVRb0-hToWFYEWasY5s",{"id":1331,"title":1332,"affiliation":34,"bio":1333,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1334,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1335,"meta":1336,"name":1338,"navigation":15,"path":1339,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1340,"stem":1341,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1342},"faculty/faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa.json","Professor Brian Head Fassa","\u003Cp>Professor Brian Head is a leading authority on public policy and governance, with extensive experience working across government, universities and the non-government sector. He is currently the President of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the UNESCO social sciences program and is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His work focuses on evidence-informed policy, policy expertise and complex or ‘wicked’ problems, with a long-standing commitment to bridging research, policy and practice. Professor Head has advised state and federal governments, contributed to major policy reviews, and delivered keynote addresses at national and international forums, including those organised by the OECD.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/78d98826-ff3d-4072-8992-ae5ec530b99c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-head-377b7b15/",{"slug":1337},"professor-brian-head-fassa","Professor Brian Head FASSA","/faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa",{},"faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa","ISkmG6eQk4OVvOmFtV0GLkG0lVzQklOWBOHA0Rio7h8",{"id":1344,"title":1345,"affiliation":34,"bio":1346,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1347,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1348,"meta":1349,"name":1351,"navigation":15,"path":1352,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1353,"stem":1354,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1355},"faculty/faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz.json","Professor Tahu Kukutai Phd Frsnz","\u003Cp>Tahu Kukutai is Professor of Demography at Te Ngira Institute for Population Research and Co-Director of Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga Centre of Research Excellence. Tahu specialises in Māori and Indigenous demography and data sovereignty and has received a number of awards for her contribution to these fields. Her recent publications include \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/series/caepr/indigenous-data-sovereignty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous data sovereignty: Toward an agenda\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (ANU Press), \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429273957/indigenous-data-sovereignty-policy-maggie-walter-tahu-kukutai-stephanie-russo-carroll-desi-rodriguez-lonebear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous data sovereignty and policy\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Routledge), The \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/37077\">Oxford handbook of Indigenous sociology\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Oxford), \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Indigenous-Statistics-A-Quantitative-Research-Methodology/Walter-Andersen-Kukutai-Gabel/p/book/9781032002507?srsltid=AfmBOoqPLZnF318mBsuzlutgUWnCLEk1KjuEMjPAfaD6IfyzsMPYfn39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous statistics: From data deficits to data sovereignty\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Routledge) and the \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.kahuiraraunga.io/maoridatagovernance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Māori Data Governance Model\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Te Kāhui Raraunga). Tahu has undertaken research for numerous tribes, Māori communities, and Government agencies, and provided strategic advice across a range of sectors. She is a founding member of the Māori Data Sovereignty Network Te Mana Raraunga and the Global Indigenous Data Alliance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Tahu is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi and a Life Member of the Population Association of New Zealand. Her affiliations are Ngāti Tiipa, Ngāti Māhanga, Ngāti Kinohaku and Te Aupōuri.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0de27b97-53c6-46ba-b2df-87d124b6fe35","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz-167810/",{"slug":1350},"professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz","Professor Tahu Kukutai, PhD FRSNZ","/faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz",{},"faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz","Lzmn4cLNPFj29qN6t0_uVa3e7Lmqof_E9_rDqxsznIs",{"id":1357,"title":1358,"affiliation":1359,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1360,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1361,"meta":1362,"name":1358,"navigation":15,"path":1364,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1365,"stem":1366,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1367},"faculty/faculty/rachel-wells.json","Rachel Wells","Datakind","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f8e45cd8-70a5-44f7-a129-241c854ead8b","https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachellaurynwells/",{"slug":1363},"rachel-wells","/faculty/rachel-wells",{},"faculty/rachel-wells","Zd9QUrN8U6ZrsSjhy-DLWFIY0ZYcw7MdP2uG5IdoZDs",{"id":1369,"title":1370,"affiliation":1371,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1372,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1373,"meta":1374,"name":1370,"navigation":15,"path":1376,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1377,"stem":1378,"topic":1379,"website":34,"__hash__":1380},"faculty/faculty/ramy-hcini.json","Ramy Hcini","Think-It","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/8405f27d-b2e7-498e-aeb2-34b15fc92119","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramy-hcini/",{"slug":1375},"ramy-hcini","/faculty/ramy-hcini",{},"faculty/ramy-hcini","Data Spaces in the context of matching demand and supply and security","-rWrvlNEWCn3XBHQmb9CWYvT0ahjPATj9z7NS8LhpXg",{"id":1382,"title":1383,"affiliation":1384,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1385,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1386,"meta":1387,"name":1383,"navigation":15,"path":1389,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1390,"stem":1391,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1392},"faculty/faculty/richard-benjamins.json","Richard Benjamins","OdiseIA","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1b4d1a3a-4bc9-46bb-8f4c-59001cee0bdb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-benjamins/",{"slug":1388},"richard-benjamins","/faculty/richard-benjamins",{},"faculty/richard-benjamins","qVN1VHgFK92frM8UkhDTLNHl1e7fKik9zKgXft5EHhY",{"id":1394,"title":1395,"affiliation":34,"bio":1396,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1397,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1398,"name":1395,"navigation":15,"path":1400,"photo":34,"role":1401,"seo":1402,"stem":1403,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1404},"faculty/faculty/roshni-singh.json","Roshni Singh","Roshni Singh is a Researcher at The GovLab. She holds a Master’s degree in International Affairs from The New School, with a concentration in conflict and security, and a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts, where she designed her own major titled 'The Politics of Injustice: Examining the 'Other' in International Law and Security.' Roshni has worked with organizations such as UNHCR, the International Rescue Committee, and Generation Citizen, focusing on research and policy analysis. As a passionate advocate for human rights and refugee protection, her work at the Ritsona Refugee Camp and other initiatives highlights her commitment to making a positive social impact.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d04e315a-34dc-4939-abb2-9c276d703a30",{"slug":1399},"roshni-singh","/faculty/roshni-singh","Researcher",{},"faculty/roshni-singh","kUaO0OcbTVbPEwRHOjfHOS7QHtVgeVjEWIuGL18ywrM",{"id":1406,"title":1407,"affiliation":1408,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1409,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1410,"name":1407,"navigation":15,"path":1412,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1413,"stem":1414,"topic":1415,"website":34,"__hash__":1416},"faculty/faculty/ross-purves.json","Ross Purves","University of Zürich","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/760a7335-c0af-4597-9f96-96e39bae928d",{"slug":1411},"ross-purves","/faculty/ross-purves",{},"faculty/ross-purves","Teaching with and about (Open)(Government) data","y1f3pdZUzV6y2h-35-8fSldW2Z6ct7TajTj1ikGqh8c",{"id":1418,"title":1419,"affiliation":1420,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1421,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1422,"meta":1423,"name":1419,"navigation":15,"path":1425,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1426,"stem":1427,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1428},"faculty/faculty/rudi-borrmann.json","Rudi Borrmann","Open Government Partnership","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/efeb6c92-a5bf-4d70-8af0-5c3f568e70ba","https://www.linkedin.com/in/rudiborrmann/",{"slug":1424},"rudi-borrmann","/faculty/rudi-borrmann",{},"faculty/rudi-borrmann","S95VUc9mtByKc1NUVAzZHo4KBPBdauoJdxLVaVn6Mbw",{"id":1430,"title":1431,"affiliation":1432,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1433,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1434,"meta":1435,"name":1431,"navigation":15,"path":1437,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1438,"stem":1439,"topic":1440,"website":34,"__hash__":1441},"faculty/faculty/sachit-mahajan.json","Sachit Mahajan","ETH Zürich","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2a8243e0-6507-43ca-8eb5-641cb710de93","https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachit-mahajan-9052b745/",{"slug":1436},"sachit-mahajan","/faculty/sachit-mahajan",{},"faculty/sachit-mahajan","Designing Routing as Civic Infrastructure: Open, Interoperable, Reusable","h2TFPUORfSpJrqXTOYHtmXLzbLYs7bNnHgPb79YXW6g",{"id":1443,"title":1444,"affiliation":34,"bio":1445,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1446,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1447,"name":1444,"navigation":15,"path":1449,"photo":34,"role":1450,"seo":1451,"stem":1452,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1453},"faculty/faculty/sampriti-saxena.json","Sampriti Saxena","Sampriti Saxena is a research intern at The GovLab. She recently completed her master’s degree in International Social Public Policy with a specialization in Development from the London School of Economics. At The GovLab, she supports the Data Program research team across a number of their projects. Sampriti also holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics with a double minor in Global Studies and French from the University of California, Berkeley.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7d058427-033e-421d-9960-6fa6dada36bb",{"slug":1448},"sampriti-saxena","/faculty/sampriti-saxena","Research Intern",{},"faculty/sampriti-saxena","1lFtbfZZp9b1-kPQmsAfiyWL97jl9yyGknrizGeyyQQ",{"id":1455,"title":1456,"affiliation":1457,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1458,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1459,"meta":1460,"name":1456,"navigation":15,"path":1462,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1463,"stem":1464,"topic":1465,"website":34,"__hash__":1466},"faculty/faculty/sebastian-sigloch.json","Sebastian Sigloch","Switch","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ba59d107-03c4-4ef2-bf4d-55c2f6377c76","https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastian-s-3889b024a/",{"slug":1461},"sebastian-sigloch","/faculty/sebastian-sigloch",{},"faculty/sebastian-sigloch","Switch Data","0kYV6nwaqMpwvxd2A511FYmQqP7CvEYqhjs2h4ZyaTA",{"id":1468,"title":1469,"affiliation":821,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1470,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1471,"meta":1472,"name":1469,"navigation":15,"path":1474,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1475,"stem":1476,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1477},"faculty/faculty/shanna-crumley.json","Shanna Crumley","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/bfe62fac-d24c-4f90-9698-f67638348b00","https://www.linkedin.com/in/shannacrumley/",{"slug":1473},"shanna-crumley","/faculty/shanna-crumley",{},"faculty/shanna-crumley","iXUsWMnMY6mPvKHDLhgAZyhxocsHbNxH-_5w1E3Ffww",{"id":1479,"title":1480,"affiliation":821,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1481,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1482,"meta":1483,"name":1480,"navigation":15,"path":1485,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1486,"stem":1487,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1488},"faculty/faculty/smita-jain.json","Smita Jain","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3dbab9bf-ab59-4ff4-8a3c-56310b628071","https://www.linkedin.com/in/smita-jain1/",{"slug":1484},"smita-jain","/faculty/smita-jain",{},"faculty/smita-jain","g6qNp1x4R9a3MCXfGu-OOgoj8Dze1jUxqKdMuaw29M4",{"id":1490,"title":1491,"affiliation":1492,"bio":1493,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1494,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1495,"meta":1496,"name":1491,"navigation":15,"path":1498,"photo":34,"role":1499,"seo":1500,"stem":1501,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1502},"faculty/faculty/stefaan-verhulst.json","Stefaan Verhulst","Data Stewards Founder","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Dr. Stefaan Verhulst \u003C/strong>is Co-Founder of the DataTank and The GovLab and the main lecturer of the data stewardship academy. In addition, he is a Research Professor at the Center for Urban Science and Progress at the Tandon School of Engineering of New York University; and a Senior Advisor to the Markle Foundation where he spent more than a decade as Chief of Research. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the open-access journal Data & Policy (Cambridge University Press); the Research Director of the MacArthur Research Network on Opening Governance; Chair of the Data for Children Collaborative with Unicef; a member of the High-Level Expert Group to the European Commission on Business-to-Government Data Sharing; and of the Expert Group to Eurostat on using Private Sector data for Official Statistics. In addition he is also a member of the UNESCO Information Ethics Working Group; Researcher at the ISI Foundation (Torino, Italy); Senior Researcher at SMIT (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology) at the Free University of Brussels (VUB) . In 2018 he was recognized as one of the 10 Most Influential Academics in Digital Government globally (by the global policy platform Apolitical). Previously at Oxford University, he was the UNESCO Chairholder in Communications Law and Policy and co-founded and was the Head of the Program in Comparative Media Law and Policy at the Center for Socio-Legal Studies. He was the Socio-Legal Fellow at Wolfson College, and is still an emeritus fellow at Oxford. He also taught for several years at the London School of Economics and was Co-Founder and Co-Director of the International Media and Info-Comms Policy and Law Studies (IMPS) at the University of Glasgow School of Law.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He has published widely - including seven books- and his writings and work have appeared in the Harvard Business Review, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Project Syndicate, Wall Street Journal, and The Conversation (among many other outlets). He is asked regularly to present at international conferences including, for instance, TED, Collision, and the UN World Data Forum. Numerous organizations have sought his counsel on a variety of topics including data and AI governance - including the WorldBank; IDB, CAP, USAID, DFID, IDRC, AFP, the European Commission, Council of Europe, the World Economic Forum, UNICEF, OECD, UN-OCHA, UNDP, UNESCO and several other international and national private and public organizations. He is also a Linkedin Learning instructor seeking to democratize the practice of data stewardship globally.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/5f5b52b5-44d9-4840-88f3-8ac6e9cb5ae2","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefaan-verhulst/",{"slug":1497},"stefaan-verhulst","/faculty/stefaan-verhulst","Course Lead",{},"faculty/stefaan-verhulst","OU0_J9qbLAdOggqbBTXHGlhgyazJ7eKPpwEn4eIiPdA",{"id":1504,"title":1505,"affiliation":1506,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1507,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1508,"meta":1509,"name":1505,"navigation":15,"path":1511,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1512,"stem":1513,"topic":1514,"website":34,"__hash__":1515},"faculty/faculty/stefan-metzger.json","Stefan Metzger","Beyond Civic","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0da4a628-95f3-434f-8281-043a04c9db29","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefan-p-metzger/",{"slug":1510},"stefan-metzger","/faculty/stefan-metzger",{},"faculty/stefan-metzger","TriRegio Data Space / Data Space Concept","Si9xi0nfhdPCS4LYK1_0Zl3GtlwKsgmkY3IkaVGxIjM",{"id":1517,"title":1518,"affiliation":1519,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1520,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1521,"meta":1522,"name":1518,"navigation":15,"path":1524,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1525,"stem":1526,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1527},"faculty/faculty/stephen-chacha.json","Stephen Chacha","Development Transformations","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a07ea099-6032-439c-b046-5ccb7f7c31f6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenchacha/",{"slug":1523},"stephen-chacha","/faculty/stephen-chacha",{},"faculty/stephen-chacha","XFQOVAoxxF-67x3MvbGeTd21mOgiVjsQQPfmiv5hsA0",{"id":1529,"title":1530,"affiliation":1531,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1532,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1533,"meta":1534,"name":1530,"navigation":15,"path":1536,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1537,"stem":1538,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1539},"faculty/faculty/stuart-campo.json","Stuart Campo","IOM UN Migration","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f0c094cc-6f8b-4ed2-a06f-9e11b0992bc2","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stuart-campo-102182a/",{"slug":1535},"stuart-campo","/faculty/stuart-campo",{},"faculty/stuart-campo","xXK07w7YG_SxEIXVQ7xX6hefQP1-rtKW0CU4ggTVc_w",{"id":1541,"title":1542,"affiliation":1543,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1544,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1545,"meta":1546,"name":1542,"navigation":15,"path":1548,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1549,"stem":1550,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1551},"faculty/faculty/tyler-kleykamp.json","Tyler Kleykamp","Connecticut Foodshare","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/93f81f60-f2fd-48bf-a4ba-edf9a5f76ed1","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tyler-kleykamp/",{"slug":1547},"tyler-kleykamp","/faculty/tyler-kleykamp",{},"faculty/tyler-kleykamp","DOVnyGWVqDjwZO2jmL5sZtThIYSc2L4-qLXFkUbHh6I",{"id":1553,"title":1554,"affiliation":34,"bio":1555,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1556,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1557,"name":1554,"navigation":15,"path":1559,"photo":34,"role":1114,"seo":1560,"stem":1561,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1562},"faculty/faculty/uma-kalkar.json","Uma Kalkar","Uma Kalkar is a research assistant at The GovLab and a dual-degree candidate for a Master of Public Policy specializing in Digital and New Technology at The Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) and a Master of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto. She is also the Innovation Director of 18by Vote, a youth-led non-profit that helps 16, 17, and 18-year-olds understand how to vote, when to vote, and why to vote. Her work focuses on digital inequities, open data initiatives, and civic organizing in digital spaces. Uma was a 2019-2020 Presidential Fellow at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress (CSPC) researching the political effects of the urban-rural digital divide in the United States. Uma holds a B.Sc. (Honors) majoring in Peace, Conflict, and Justice and double minoring in Mathematics and Biology from the University of Toronto.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/32ba2a39-f9a4-4a58-8488-957ccdd54b41",{"slug":1558},"uma-kalkar","/faculty/uma-kalkar",{},"faculty/uma-kalkar","19ZAaVczDlFV-CVrOsdscP-9-93mnw4uUTgdHt78-6I",{"id":1564,"title":1565,"affiliation":1566,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1567,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1568,"meta":1569,"name":1565,"navigation":15,"path":1571,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1572,"stem":1573,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1574},"faculty/faculty/valentin-muresan.json","Valentin Muresan","ABQ.Institute, Equal 1, Primăria Municipiului Timișoara","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/48264b87-4afd-423b-bc22-60ea1553179f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/valmuresan/",{"slug":1570},"valentin-muresan","/faculty/valentin-muresan",{},"faculty/valentin-muresan","bMedh5cgp7_cnJQAqbyIyK6naTlb14-9oRlJ539yl5Q",{"id":1576,"title":1577,"affiliation":1371,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1578,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1579,"meta":1580,"name":1577,"navigation":15,"path":1582,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1583,"stem":1584,"topic":1379,"website":34,"__hash__":1585},"faculty/faculty/wassim-kallel.json","Wassim Kallel","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7fc3249b-36ae-4bf2-8a24-f17915701918","https://www.linkedin.com/in/wassimkallel/",{"slug":1581},"wassim-kallel","/faculty/wassim-kallel",{},"faculty/wassim-kallel","vHzByAWe3IfptF8--3FBseOaOdIP_uSWNAH37IgoZbs",{"id":1587,"title":1588,"affiliation":1589,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":660,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1590,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1591,"meta":1592,"name":1588,"navigation":15,"path":1594,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1595,"stem":1596,"topic":1597,"website":34,"__hash__":1598},"faculty/faculty/yannik-sassmann.json","Yannik Sassmann","Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/39964c54-c032-44ee-855f-ea9a59546eb5","https://www.linkedin.com/in/yannik-sassmann/",{"slug":1593},"yannik-sassmann","/faculty/yannik-sassmann",{},"faculty/yannik-sassmann","BMZ Data and AI Lab","ZlegG-Md_hy5eQodCby9lZL8eA_6iQMH6KvMupVtYeA",1781873993443]