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THE POLITICAL CONTEXT IN SPAIN AND ELSEWHERE","The GovLab",[],"2017-09-19T16:51:38","This section introduces Podemos and why this effort to institutionalize public engagement is taking place in Spain now, including a brief…","json",false,"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*5vN3uKtV_gC49Y6V8GAMoQ.jpeg","\n\u003Csection name=\"d804\" class=\"section section--body section--first\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Cfigure name=\"53b4\" id=\"53b4\" class=\"graf graf--figure graf--leading\">\u003Cimg class=\"graf-image\" data-image-id=\"1*5vN3uKtV_gC49Y6V8GAMoQ.jpeg\" data-width=\"1024\" data-height=\"1024\" src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*5vN3uKtV_gC49Y6V8GAMoQ.jpeg\">\u003C/figure>\u003Ch3 name=\"f494\" id=\"f494\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">5. CROWDLAW | THE POLITICAL CONTEXT IN SPAIN AND ELSEWHERE\u003C/h3>\u003Ch4 name=\"6c3b\" id=\"6c3b\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--h3 graf--subtitle\">This section introduces Podemos and why this effort to institutionalize public engagement is taking place in Spain now, including a brief account of motivating regional and global events.\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"730f\" id=\"730f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">This is a draft version of the report (dated October 12, 2017) and will be updated in November.\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 name=\"3efc\" id=\"3efc\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Public trust in government is at an all-time low\u003C/h3>\u003Cp name=\"2bf1\" id=\"2bf1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">In Europe and the United States, the public has become increasingly dissatisfied with government. According to recent Gallup Poll data, only 54% of people worldwide report having confidence in their national governments.¹ The 2017 Edelman Trust Barometer paints an even bleaker picture, asserting that “government is now distrusted in 75% of countries.”²\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"18dc\" id=\"18dc\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In the U.S. alone, only 20% of citizens say they trust the federal government to do what is right and “[n]o more than about 30% have expressed trust in the government in Washington to do the right thing at any point over the last decade.” In Europe, Dalia Research finds that anti-establishment parties are on the rise because Europeans are fed-up with their political class: barely a third trust politicians to do the right thing, with Eastern Europeans registering only 23% confidence in their leaders.³\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"21a3\" id=\"21a3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This growing trust deficit, or “implosion of trust,”⁴ is particularly concerning as it often leads to a self-perpetuating cycle — a “widespread belief that the system is broken increases a person’s vulnerability to fear, ultimately causing deeper distrust in institutions.”⁵\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1074\" id=\"1074\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Declining tax revenues and deteriorating fiscal conditions, coupled with increasing volatility of state financial support, have put significant pressures on governments, often diminishing their ability to deliver services they have traditionally provided — much less adapt to changing times. These operational challenges have been coupled with an equally difficult image problem: although public trust in government has eroded to all-time lows, paradoxically, public expectations of what government should deliver have risen.\u003C/p>\u003Cblockquote name=\"1845\" id=\"1845\" class=\"graf graf--pullquote graf-after--p\">As the saying goes, “trust takes years to build, seconds to break, and forever to repair.” Thus, government urgently needs to do a better job. In order to identify and implement innovative solutions to problems such as climate change, economic fluctuations, pandemics, and terrorism, public institutions need to change the way they work.\u003C/blockquote>\u003Cp name=\"f62a\" id=\"f62a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--pullquote\">One such change is to open up the lawmaking practices of governments to outside input and more collaborative decision-making. Our discussion thus far has highlighted lessons learned from public engagement efforts around the world. These examples show how the desire to increase engagement in the legislative and political arena is widely shared across many different countries and contexts. In this respect, the desire to bolster civic participation in the Autonomous Community of Madrid is not unique, but instead can be viewed as part of a broader trend of promoting civic participation around the world.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"9b1c\" id=\"9b1c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Over the past decade, citizen distrust in public institutions combined with the reverberations of financial crises have motivated increased civic participation, and use of digital democracy tools. The 2008 financial crisis spurred the “Kitchenware Revolution” in Iceland, the country’s largest protests calling for representatives’ resignations; it was in this context that Reykjavik’s Better Neighborhoods platform emerged. Estonia’s Citizens’ Assembly was erected by the President “to make recommendations for democratic reforms” following a major corruption scandal. Taiwan emerged following the Sunflower Student Movement, during which student protesters occupied the Taiwanese parliament in protest of a planned trade deal with China.⁶\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"ee24\" id=\"ee24\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">However widely shared these goals may be, any successful public engagement program must be mindful of the particular economic, social, and political factors that define civic life in a given polity. Before returning our discussion to specific recommendations for Podemos, a brief overview of Spain’s economic and political climate is in order.\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 name=\"e5de\" id=\"e5de\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Mistrust of government in Spain\u003C/h3>\u003Cp name=\"a287\" id=\"a287\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">Although Spain’s electoral system operates under a form of imperfect proportional system of representation,⁷ ⁸ for much of the country’s history as a democracy its electoral politics have been dominated by two parties: the PP (the center-right \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Partido Popular\u003C/em>, or People’s Party) and the PSOE (the center-left \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Partido Socialista Obrera Español\u003C/em>, or Spanish Socialist Workers Party).⁹ The same two parties tend to dominate at the regional level, albeit to a lesser extent. Particularly in communities with strong regional identities (such as in Basque Country or Catalonia), parties more deeply associated with that region tend to hold a majority of the seats in their respective legislatures.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"cbf8\" id=\"cbf8\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">A confluence of factors, though, recently began to unravel this established order. First, the economic crisis and the government’s push for austerity measures galvanized a new opposition. This opposition was most pronounced in early 2015, when hundreds of thousands of Spaniards took to the streets around the country to protest austerity measures. Further compounding the discontentment with the government’s response to the economic climate was a series of corruption scandals running up to the highest levels of government.¹⁰ Such scandals have had a palpably corrosive effect on citizens’ views of government. According to the OECD, only 30% of Spaniards felt in 2015 that they had confidence in the national government; this level had fallen by a staggering 20% from its 2007 figure.¹¹ Trust at the regional level seems to mirror that of the national government: according to a Eurobarometer and Gallup World Survey, only 20% of Spaniards indicated that they trusted their regional authorities.¹² For context, Spain ranks below every western European country except for Italy in Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index, with an overall ranking of 41 out of 176.¹³ Perhaps not surprisingly, Spanish respondents to one survey have in the past few years consistently ranked corruption as the second most pressing problem facing Spain, only after unemployment; “politicians, political parties, and politics” has consistently ranked third or fourth.¹⁴\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 name=\"b477\" id=\"b477\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">The Global Recession\u003C/h3>\u003Cp name=\"ae48\" id=\"ae48\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">Although few countries emerged unscathed from the global financial crisis in 2008, Spain was particularly hard hit, even compared to its similarly situated EU neighbors. A collapse in tax revenue rendered the existing government spending levels unsustainable, forcing massive public sector layoffs that had ripple effects throughout the Spanish economy. In 2009, Spanish output shrunk by nearly 4%, and with the exception of 2010 (in which GDP held steady), it was not until 2014 that the country experienced economic growth.¹⁵ Unemployment in Spain skyrocketed, reaching a high of nearly 26%, and youth fared particularly poorly, with unemployment levels among jobseekers younger than 25 climbing as high as 50%. Though the Spanish economy has since begun to recover, only within the past year has the overall unemployment rate fallen below 20%, a level still significantly higher than neighboring Portugal and nearby Italy, which faced similar macroeconomic conditions.¹⁶ Economic output has also experienced a recent uptick, with two consecutive years of approximately 3% growth, but the duration of Spain’s economic crisis and the perceived inability of the government to adequately respond greatly diminished citizens’ faith in the power political institutions to address pressing societal problems.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"771a\" id=\"771a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It is important as well to recognize the effect that this economic malaise had on individual Spaniards. By the beginning of 2013, Household Disposable Income had fallen by over 12% from its 2007 level, and household consumption had fallen by approximately 15%.¹⁷ Young people’s ability to start financially independent lives was severely inhibited: half or more of Spaniards under 30 remained living with their parents, and the average age of a youth’s “emancipation” from their families continually tracked upwards.¹⁸ This dearth of economic opportunity for Spain’s youth has led to them being called the “lost generation.”¹⁹ Further, the concentrated effect of Spain’s economic crisis on young people has engendered a particularly strong disdain for politics as usual, culminating in the unrest described below.\u003C/p>\u003Ch3 name=\"d81c\" id=\"d81c\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Podemos\u003C/h3>\u003Ch4 name=\"99b5\" id=\"99b5\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--h3\">The emergence of Podemos\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"f3a9\" id=\"f3a9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">Podemos is a new Spanish political party created in 2014 by Spanish leftist activists associated with the grassroots activism and protests linked to the “Indignados” (Indignants) Movement. This movement, also called 15-M (it began on the 15th of May) or Anti-Austerity Movement, started in May 2011 with demonstrations in 58 Spanish cities. Its origin can be traced to civilian digital platforms and associations.²⁰ Protests continued, albeit more sporadically and with smaller turnout, throughout subsequent years. It was from this activism — largely led by youth²¹ — that sowed the seeds for new political parties.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"614c\" id=\"614c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Even though demonstrators formed a heterogeneous and ambiguous group, they shared a strong rejection of unemployment, welfare cuts, corruption in Spanish politics, and the current bipartisanism at that time between the PP and PSOE. Since Spain transitioned to democracy in the 1970s, only these two parties have governed the country and both have had a number of corruption scandals during their respective administrations. The street protests lasted from May into sporadically October of 2011, with officials estimating between 6.5 to 8 million protestors in all.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"eb9c\" id=\"eb9c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In 2014, although not claiming to be a direct result of this Movement, Podemos was founded by many of the same leaders of these protests to oppose the European Union austerity mandated and to demand radical change in Spanish politics. In the broader context of economic turmoil and austerity in Europe, Podemos was not a unique phenomenon. Economic hardship coupled with apathy towards elitist political institutions also gave rise to anti-establishment parties such as Syriza in Greece, as well as the Italy’s Five Star Movement in Italy.²²\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3cc5\" id=\"3cc5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It is against this backdrop of mistrust that Podemos found its roots as a party clamoring for change. The party established support particularly among young Spaniards seeking to upend the two-party political order and institute a more transparent, accessible, and left-leaning government. Relying on this groundswell of support, Podemos was in part responsible for a major political sea change that disrupted the longstanding balance of power in Spanish politics.²³ Podemos (“We can”) was established as a political party in 2014.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"439f\" id=\"439f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">The party quickly became known as a disruptor and innovator in Spanish politics and is now a major political party at the national and regional levels. Just four months after its founding, Podemos received 1.2 million votes, eight percent of the total in the 2014 European Parliament elections.²⁴ In the year of its founding Podemos also became second largest party in Spain in terms of membership.²⁵\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f92e\" id=\"f92e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">While many saw the success of these upstart parties as an encouraging sign of change, their electoral victories had an additional consequence: no party was able to capture a majority of seats in the national legislature, resulting in political deadlock. Lacking a majority party or coalition that could form a working government, Spain suffered from a power vacuum, during which time a “caretaker government” was put in place to maintain some semblance of continuity. The political crisis was finally alleviated in 2016 when members of the PPOE agreed to abstain from a vote of confidence for Mariano Rajoy, thus allowing him to remain as Prime Minister. But though the political crisis may have come to an end, the ten-month ordeal has likely registered even more damage to citizens’ faith in the ability of the major parties to put the country’s interests above their own.²⁶\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"36c2\" id=\"36c2\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In the Spanish General Election in December 2015, Podemos garnered 20% of the vote.²⁷ In the 2015 parliamentary elections, Podemos and another upstart political party named \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Ciudadanos\u003C/em> cumulatively captured a third of the seats in the Congress of Deputies, effectively upending a nearly half-century tradition of two-party politics.²⁸\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f159\" id=\"f159\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In addition to Podemos’s success at the national level, the party was also able to find its footing in various regional legislatures. The party was particularly successful that year in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, where it picked up 27 out of 129 available seats.²⁹ This victory placed Podemos — then a brand new party — as the third most represented party in Madrid’s regional legislature, just behind PSOE, which secured 36 seats. Additionally, in the May 2015 Municipal elections Podemos, through affiliated local coalitions rather than directly, won the city councils of Barcelona and Madrid, as well as many smaller cities.\u003C/p>\u003Ch4 name=\"41c0\" id=\"41c0\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf-after--p\">The “world’s first Reddit party”\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"e10b\" id=\"e10b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">In response to past corruption scandals, austerity measures, and high unemployment levels following the European debt crisis,³⁰ ³¹ ³² ³³ Podemos seeks to improve trust by the public in government and increase its own popularity and standing by adopting the use of software platforms to create more open governing processes. To that end, Podemos has adopted what they dub a \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">people-centered\u003C/em> approach to politics. Called the “world’s first Reddit party,” Podemos has leveraged online platforms to host debates and referenda to craft the party’s platform and structure.³⁴ The platforms that helped the party campaign successfully and build its political base include:\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e60f\" id=\"e60f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● \u003Ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PlazaPodemos\" data-href=\"https://twitter.com/PlazaPodemos\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Plaza \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Podemos\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> (\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Podemos \u003C/em>Square), a debating site that provides a space for political deliberation and participation for Podemos’s followers. Plaza Podemos attracts between \u003Ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/podemos-revolution-radical-academics-changed-european-politics\" data-href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/31/podemos-revolution-radical-academics-changed-european-politics\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">10,000 and 20,000 followers\u003C/a> per day.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"54c3\" id=\"54c3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● \u003Ca href=\"https://participa.podemos.info/es\" data-href=\"https://participa.podemos.info/es\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Portal de Participatción\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> (Participation Portal), an online voting registration and authentication system and a crowdfunding platform to engage people to support Podemos and the initiatives it supports.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"44f5\" id=\"44f5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● \u003Ca href=\"https://participa.podemos.info/es/propuestas\" data-href=\"https://participa.podemos.info/es/propuestas\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Iniciativas Ciudadanas\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> (Citizen Initiatives), an online tool hosted within the “Portal de Participación” website where citizens can post proposals for reforms within Podemos and other citizens can support the proposals or post their own.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"585e\" id=\"585e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● \u003Ca href=\"http://podemos.info/impulsa/\" data-href=\"http://podemos.info/impulsa/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Impulsa\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> (Boost/Impulse), an online political participation space for building, brainstorming, and implementing projects.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"a659\" id=\"a659\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">● \u003Ca href=\"http://podemostudela.com/participa/banco-de-talentos\" data-href=\"http://podemostudela.com/participa/banco-de-talentos\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Banco de Talentos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> (Talent Bank), a new tool that Podemos will use to identify and leverage the talent within its group of followers.³⁵\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"28a5\" id=\"28a5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Now that Podemos is governing rather than campaigning, however, it needs to design processes and platforms to tie participatory democracy to governing. Building on its success using technology to craft the party’s political agenda, it is only natural that it should want to bring its brand of bottom-up participatory politics to governing the country. But this is where it is struggling. Many people lack confidence in this inexperienced party’s ability to govern, and whether the party can push government to be as open, transparent, and grassroots as the party’s successful campaigns were. How, exactly, Podemos will redefine Spanish politics and governance remains an open question.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"80f6\" id=\"80f6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Despite the recent economic and political hardships that Spain has endured, there is much reason to be optimistic about the potential of new citizen engagement efforts. For one, the worst of the economic crisis is over: as previously mentioned, Spain’s economy has been experiencing consistent, positive growth, and unemployment has been meaningfully reduced as a consequence. Legislators might feel more willing to divert attention towards other issues, and among such issues, citizen engagement seems like a worthy and relevant cause.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"43da\" id=\"43da\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Yet another reason to be optimistic is that numerous Spanish localities — including the City Council of Madrid — have already successfully taken up the mantle of citizen engagement. Many of these examples are included in our own analysis and guide our final recommendations. For instance, tens of thousands of Madrileños have voted on proposals, participated in debates, and offered ideas for how to allocate the city’s budget through \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Decide Madrid\u003C/em>. The Autonomous Community of Aragon has embraced civic participation as a constitutionally mandated goal; this directive has been used to support a wide variety of ad hoc engagement efforts that are uniquely tailored to the specific issue being addressed. The Basque government has deployed an online participation platform called \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Irekia\u003C/em>, which has modeled some of the forms of online participation proposed by numerous authors referenced in our brief summary of the academic literature. And the City Council of Barcelona, through its \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Decidim Barcelona\u003C/em> platform (which precedes Podemos), allows citizens to sponsor initiatives and review government proposals.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1d98\" id=\"1d98\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">In sum, new and exciting citizen engagement measures can and have been implemented throughout Spain, and we hope that CrowdLaw mechanisms for the Autonomous Community of Madrid will be next.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3a65\" id=\"3a65\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">- Gabriella Capone and Beth Noveck\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\u003Csection name=\"f686\" class=\"section section--body\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Cp name=\"9445\" id=\"9445\" class=\"graf graf--p graf--leading\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Next posts in the series:\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"postList\">\u003Cli name=\"dcb1\" id=\"dcb1\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">#6. \u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-why-public-engagement-normative-goals-9b5c9024e563\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-why-public-engagement-normative-goals-9b5c9024e563\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdLaw | Why public engagement? Normative goals\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"7f08\" id=\"7f08\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">#7. \u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-case-studies-30cc06e9a5a6\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-case-studies-30cc06e9a5a6\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdLaw | 25 Global Citizen Engagement Case Studies\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli name=\"8916\" id=\"8916\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">#8. \u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-recommendations-supporting-cases-and-further-considerations-46b4c837044d\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-recommendations-supporting-cases-and-further-considerations-46b4c837044d\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdLaw | Expanded Recommendations\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp name=\"a4d1\" id=\"a4d1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li graf--trailing\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Or go to the first post in the series and table of contents \u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003Ca href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-af1a9e1c9455\" data-href=\"https://medium.com/@TheGovLab/crowdlaw-af1a9e1c9455\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">here\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003Cstrong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">.\u003C/em>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\u003Csection name=\"fae2\" class=\"section section--body section--last\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-divider\">\u003Chr class=\"section-divider\">\u003C/div>\u003Cdiv class=\"section-content\">\u003Cdiv class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\u003Ch4 name=\"2267\" id=\"2267\" class=\"graf graf--h4 graf--leading\">Footnotes\u003C/h4>\u003Cp name=\"fcf9\" id=\"fcf9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h4\">¹ “Gallup World Poll,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Gallup (\u003C/em>2016), available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/services/170945/world-poll.aspx.\" data-href=\"http://www.gallup.com/services/170945/world-poll.aspx.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.gallup.com/services/170945/world-poll.aspx\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e8f3\" id=\"e8f3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">² “2017: Executive Summary,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Edelman Annual trust barometer survey \u003C/em>(2017), available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.edelman.com/executive-summary/,\" data-href=\"http://www.edelman.com/executive-summary/,\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.edelman.com/executive-summary/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"08a9\" id=\"08a9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³ “Majority of Europeans Distrust Their Politicians,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Dalia Research (\u003C/em>April 26, 2016), accessed on June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://daliaresearch.com/majority-of-europeans-distrust-their-politicians/.\" data-href=\"https://daliaresearch.com/majority-of-europeans-distrust-their-politicians/.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://daliaresearch.com/majority-of-europeans-distrust-their-politicians/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"4f98\" id=\"4f98\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁴ “2017: Executive Summary,” 2.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"80d5\" id=\"80d5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁵ Ibid., 8.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"915d\" id=\"915d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁶ Julie Simon, Theo Bass, Victoria Boelman, and Geoff Mulgan, “Digital Democracy: The tools transforming political engagement,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Nesta \u003C/em>(February 2017), accessed June 26, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/digital_democracy.pdf\" data-href=\"http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/digital_democracy.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.nesta.org.uk/sites/default/files/digital_democracy.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"eaf5\" id=\"eaf5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁷ Ángel J. Sánchez Navarro, “The Spanish System of Proportional Representation and its Limits, according to the Constitutional Court,” paper prepared for \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Unidem Seminar: European Standards of electoral Law in the Contemporary Constitutionalism \u003C/em>(Sofia, Bulgaria: May 28–29, 2004), available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-UD%282004%29006-e\" data-href=\"http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-UD(2004)006-e\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL-UD(2004)006-e\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"5d4f\" id=\"5d4f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁸ “Understanding the d’Hondt method: Allocation of parliamentary seats and leadership positions,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">European Parliament Briefing \u003C/em>(April 2016), available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/580901/EPRS_BRI%282016%29580901_EN.pdf\" data-href=\"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/580901/EPRS_BRI(2016)580901_EN.pdf\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2016/580901/EPRS_BRI(2016)580901_EN.pdf\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"ac21\" id=\"ac21\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">⁹ “Current Senators. Distribution by Parliamentary Group,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Senado de España \u003C/em>(2017), accessed June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/senadoresenactivo/consultagrupoparlamentario/index.html\" data-href=\"http://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/senadoresenactivo/consultagrupoparlamentario/index.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.senado.es/web/composicionorganizacion/senadores/composicionsenado/senadoresenactivo/consultagrupoparlamentario/index.html\u003C/a>\u003Cbr> “Listing of Members by parliamentary groups,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Congreso de los deputados \u003C/em>(2017), accessed June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Diputados/DipGrupParl.\" data-href=\"http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Diputados/DipGrupParl.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Diputados/DipGrupParl\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"ddb4\" id=\"ddb4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁰ Tobias Buck, “Corruption scandals threaten Mariano Rajoy’s future,”\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> Financial Times\u003C/em> (February 15, 2016), available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/1f98d546-d3e4-11e5-829b-8564e7528e54\" data-href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/1f98d546-d3e4-11e5-829b-8564e7528e54\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ft.com/content/1f98d546-d3e4-11e5-829b-8564e7528e54\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2e27\" id=\"2e27\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">¹¹ “\u003C/em>Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003C/em> (March 27, 2017), available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/4217051e.pdf?expires=1492821633&id=id&accname=ocid177224&checksum=6C5097C12FAE130455255C94D249CA20\" data-href=\"http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/4217051e.pdf?expires=1492821633&id=id&accname=ocid177224&checksum=6C5097C12FAE130455255C94D249CA20\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/4217051e.pdf?expires=1492821633&id=id&accname=ocid177224&checksum=6C5097C12FAE130455255C94D249CA20\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2f38\" id=\"2f38\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹² Ibid.\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d07e\" id=\"d07e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹³ Corruptions Perception Index,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Transparency International \u003C/em>(January 25, 2017), available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016\" data-href=\"https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_perceptions_index_2016\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"6f5a\" id=\"6f5a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">¹⁴ “Tres problemas, “Encuestas de Opinión del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas\u003C/em>, accessed April 26, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Indicadores/documentos_html/TresProblemas.html\" data-href=\"http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Indicadores/documentos_html/TresProblemas.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Indicadores/documentos_html/TresProblemas.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"02e3\" id=\"02e3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁵ “Spanish Annual GDP Growth,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">World Bank \u003C/em>(2017), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ES\" data-href=\"http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ES\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=ES\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1143\" id=\"1143\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁶ Peter Evais, “The Mystery of Spain’s Perpetual Jobs Problem,”\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> New York Times \u003C/em>(May 2, 2016), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/upshot/spains-jobless-numbers-almost-look-like-misprints.html\" data-href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/upshot/spains-jobless-numbers-almost-look-like-misprints.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/upshot/spains-jobless-numbers-almost-look-like-misprints.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"b5ae\" id=\"b5ae\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁷ Federico Giovannelli, “A dash of data: Spotlight on Spanish households,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">OECD Insights \u003C/em>(November 10, 2016), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://oecdinsights.org/2016/11/10/a-dash-of-data-spotlight-on-spanish-households/\" data-href=\"http://oecdinsights.org/2016/11/10/a-dash-of-data-spotlight-on-spanish-households/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://oecdinsights.org/2016/11/10/a-dash-of-data-spotlight-on-spanish-households/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"f6fb\" id=\"f6fb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁸ Tobias Buck, “Spanish Youth in Crisis,”\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> The Financial Times \u003C/em>(May 23, 2014), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/5908da36-db09-11e3-8273-00144feabdc0\" data-href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/5908da36-db09-11e3-8273-00144feabdc0\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ft.com/content/5908da36-db09-11e3-8273-00144feabdc0\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"7871\" id=\"7871\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">¹⁹ Laure Fillon, “Meet Spain’s lost generation: The drop outs facing a bleak future,”\u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\"> The Local (\u003C/em>December 11, 2015), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.thelocal.es/20151211/spains-lost-generation-the-drops-outs-facing-bleak-future-election\" data-href=\"https://www.thelocal.es/20151211/spains-lost-generation-the-drops-outs-facing-bleak-future-election\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.thelocal.es/20151211/spains-lost-generation-the-drops-outs-facing-bleak-future-election\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"53a2\" id=\"53a2\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁰ “Tahrir Sqaure in Madrid: Spain’s Lost Generation Finds its Voice,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Der Spiegel \u003C/em>(May 19, 2011), accessed June 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/tahrir-square-in-madrid-spain-s-lost-generation-finds-its-voice-a-763581.html\" data-href=\"http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/tahrir-square-in-madrid-spain-s-lost-generation-finds-its-voice-a-763581.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/tahrir-square-in-madrid-spain-s-lost-generation-finds-its-voice-a-763581.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"6dc1\" id=\"6dc1\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²¹ Diego Beas, “How Spain’s 15-M movement is redefining politics,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Guardian \u003C/em>(October 15, 2001), accessed June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/15/spain-15-m-movement-activism.\" data-href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/15/spain-15-m-movement-activism.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/15/spain-15-m-movement-activism\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1343\" id=\"1343\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²² Florian Hartleb, “Here to stay: anti-establishment parties in Europe,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">European View\u003C/em> 14:1 (June 2015): 39–49, available at: \u003Ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12290-015-0348-4\" data-href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12290-015-0348-4\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12290-015-0348-4\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"9da7\" id=\"9da7\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²³ “Podemos: Spain anti-austerity party banging on doors of power,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">BBC\u003C/em>, (December 21, 2015), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35150771\" data-href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35150771\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35150771\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"4df6\" id=\"4df6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁴ “Results of the 2014 European elections,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">European Parliament \u003C/em>(November 22, 2014), accessed June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/country-results-es-2014.html\" data-href=\"http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/country-results-es-2014.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/country-results-es-2014.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e95d\" id=\"e95d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁵ Gustavo Garcia, “Podemos ya tiene más ‘militantes’ que el PSOE,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">El Boletin \u003C/em>(October 28, 2014), accessed June 25, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.elboletin.com/contraportada/106783/fisher-price-shakira-juguetes-bebes.html\" data-href=\"http://www.elboletin.com/contraportada/106783/fisher-price-shakira-juguetes-bebes.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.elboletin.com/contraportada/106783/fisher-price-shakira-juguetes-bebes.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"2f9f\" id=\"2f9f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁶ Sam Jones, “Mariano Rajoy sworn in as Spain’s PM after deadlock broken,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Guardian\u003C/em> (October 31, 2016), accessed July 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/31/mariono-rajoy-to-be-sworn-in-as-spains-prime-minister\" data-href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/31/mariono-rajoy-to-be-sworn-in-as-spains-prime-minister\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/31/mariono-rajoy-to-be-sworn-in-as-spains-prime-minister\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"d143\" id=\"d143\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁷ “Podemos celebra con euforia sus 69 diputados,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">abc \u003C/em>(December 21, 2015), accessed June 21, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.abc.es/espana/abci-podemos-celebra-euforia-diputados-4669698984001-20151221085000_video.html\" data-href=\"http://www.abc.es/espana/abci-podemos-celebra-euforia-diputados-4669698984001-20151221085000_video.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.abc.es/espana/abci-podemos-celebra-euforia-diputados-4669698984001-20151221085000_video.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"45a5\" id=\"45a5\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁸ “Konservative sind Wahlsieger, verlieren aber Mehrheit,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Spiegel Online \u003C/em>(December 21, 2015), accessed June 21, 2017, \u003Ca href=\"http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/spanien-die-ersten-hochrechnungen-zur-parlamentswahl-a-1068834.html\" data-href=\"http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/spanien-die-ersten-hochrechnungen-zur-parlamentswahl-a-1068834.html\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/spanien-die-ersten-hochrechnungen-zur-parlamentswahl-a-1068834.html\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"1f2b\" id=\"1f2b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">²⁹ “Distribución de escaños,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Asamblea de Madrid \u003C/em>(2017), accessed June 9, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.asambleamadrid.es/ES/QueEsLaAsamblea/ComposiciondelaAsamblea/Distribuciondeescanos/default.aspx.\" data-href=\"http://www.asambleamadrid.es/ES/QueEsLaAsamblea/ComposiciondelaAsamblea/Distribuciondeescanos/default.aspx.\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.asambleamadrid.es/ES/QueEsLaAsamblea/ComposiciondelaAsamblea/Distribuciondeescanos/default.aspx\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3650\" id=\"3650\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³⁰ Tobias Buck, “Spain: Political Stalemate in Madrid,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Financial Times \u003C/em>(February 10, 2016), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/27b93f7c-ce67-11e5-831d-09f7778e7377\" data-href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/27b93f7c-ce67-11e5-831d-09f7778e7377\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ft.com/content/27b93f7c-ce67-11e5-831d-09f7778e7377\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"02fb\" id=\"02fb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³¹ Tobias Buck, “No Right Turn for Spanish Politics,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Financial Times \u003C/em>(January 17, 2017), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/414246f6-dbe4-11e6-86ac-f253db7791c6\" data-href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/414246f6-dbe4-11e6-86ac-f253db7791c6\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ft.com/content/414246f6-dbe4-11e6-86ac-f253db7791c6\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"fb48\" id=\"fb48\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³² Tobias Buck, “Spanish Politics: Podemos’ populist surge,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">Financial Times \u003C/em>(February 19, 2015), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/ecca8824-b7a3-11e4-981d-00144feab7de\" data-href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/ecca8824-b7a3-11e4-981d-00144feab7de\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.ft.com/content/ecca8824-b7a3-11e4-981d-00144feab7de\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"e9d0\" id=\"e9d0\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³³ Raphael Minder and David Zucchino, “Spaniards, Exhausted by Politics, Warm to Life Without a Government,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The New York Times \u003C/em>(October 2, 2016), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/03/world/europe/spain-socialists-sanchez-rajoy.html?_r=2\" data-href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/03/world/europe/spain-socialists-sanchez-rajoy.html?_r=2\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/03/world/europe/spain-socialists-sanchez-rajoy.html?_r=2\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"3bbb\" id=\"3bbb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">³⁴ Jonathan Blitzer, “In Spain, Politics Via Reddit,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The New Yorker \u003C/em>(October 7, 2014), accessed April 24, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/spain-politics-via-reddit\" data-href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/spain-politics-via-reddit\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/spain-politics-via-reddit\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003Cp name=\"7c43\" id=\"7c43\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--trailing\">³⁵ Hannah Cutler, “People-Driven Governance: Spain’s Podemos Party,” \u003Cem class=\"markup--em markup--p-em\">The Governance Lab\u003C/em> (June 25, 2015), accessed June 21, 2017, available at \u003Ca href=\"http://thegovlab.org/people-driven-governance-spains-podemos-party/\" data-href=\"http://thegovlab.org/people-driven-governance-spains-podemos-party/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">http://thegovlab.org/people-driven-governance-spains-podemos-party/\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/div>\u003C/section>\n",{},"/blogposts/5-the-political-context-in-spain-and-elsewhere",{"title":40,"description":44},"5-the-political-context-in-spain-and-elsewhere","blogposts/5-the-political-context-in-spain-and-elsewhere","3qI8kmZiR5uRe_NOW04S4VZJGd0uZtmKlo-XJEBJ2Ac",[56,69,83,98,112,125,137,149,162,174,188,200,212,224,236,248,260,270,281,295,308,321,334,345,357,371,386,399,412,425,438,451,460,473,485,497,510,523,535,547,559,571,584,597,609,621,634,645,656,670,683,697,708,721,732,745,757,769,781,794,806,818,832,845,858,870,882,894,906,918,930,942,954,967,979,991,1005,1017,1029,1040,1054,1067,1081,1093,1106,1118,1130,1142,1154,1164,1176,1188,1200,1213,1225,1237,1252,1264,1276,1290,1302,1316,1330,1343,1356,1368,1381,1393,1405,1417,1429,1442,1454,1467,1478,1489,1503,1516,1528,1540,1552,1563,1575,1586],{"id":57,"title":58,"affiliation":34,"bio":59,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":61,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":62,"name":58,"navigation":15,"path":64,"photo":34,"role":65,"seo":66,"stem":67,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":68},"faculty/faculty/adam-zable.json","Adam Zable","Adam Zable is a Research Fellow at the GovLab. His work and research interests focus on the intersection of emerging technologies, data governance, and democracy. In his previous role as the Director of Emerging Technologies at the Digital Trade and Data Governance Hub, he spearheaded the development of the Global Data Governance Mapping Project, assessing national-level data governance efforts across the globe, and organized conferences on the international policy implications of extended reality and on data governance in the age of generative AI. He holds a Master of Public Policy from the Willy Brandt School of Public Policy and resides in Freiburg, Germany.","author","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1646f23a-0139-43d8-b0b2-51a455000728",{"slug":63},"adam-zable","/faculty/adam-zable","Research Fellow",{},"faculty/adam-zable","5bR3wydz1eXMWjD7PSD8j4im9GZM7_x4k8iz5TN85Dw",{"id":70,"title":71,"affiliation":34,"bio":72,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":74,"legacy":15,"linkedin":75,"meta":76,"name":71,"navigation":15,"path":78,"photo":34,"role":79,"seo":80,"stem":81,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":82},"faculty/faculty/adrienne-schmoeker.json","Adrienne Schmoeker","Adrienne Schmoeker is the former Deputy Chief Analytics Officer for the City of New York. During her tenure with the City of New York she led the team at the NYC Mayor's Office of Data Analytics, grew the NYC Open Data Program, co-founded NYC Open Data Week and was part of the founding team in the inaugural NYC CTO's Office. Prior to working for New York City government Adrienne led new market expansion and the development of the enterprise business for the social-impact company Catchafire. Adrienne is currently advising urban technology startups, helping design new data programs and advising on government technology programs working to close the digital divide.","instructor","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d359af3c-47d4-4da8-a3b1-acc521906ceb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/schmoeker/",{"slug":77},"adrienne-schmoeker","/faculty/adrienne-schmoeker","Course Advisor",{},"faculty/adrienne-schmoeker","z_7IPuXoKOHDOgpFTsSqBY_T1QYYDk0kAWowjYGC3ow",{"id":84,"title":85,"affiliation":86,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":88,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":89,"legacy":46,"linkedin":90,"meta":91,"name":85,"navigation":15,"path":93,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":94,"stem":95,"topic":96,"website":34,"__hash__":97},"faculty/faculty/alex-hutchison.json","Alex Hutchison","Forr Data","guest-faculty","DS Berlin 2024, DS Berlin 2025","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6c6e0f38-0cae-48d9-9c3d-acea65f0eb5c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/alex-hutchison-62517412/",{"slug":92},"alex-hutchison","/faculty/alex-hutchison",{},"faculty/alex-hutchison","Impact Measurement & Work of Data for Children Collaborative","Q6zJ9wxOc_kYKt4uhkMYd9u3Ptug0EKTJWUmU75-NX4",{"id":99,"title":100,"affiliation":101,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":102,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":103,"legacy":15,"linkedin":104,"meta":105,"name":100,"navigation":15,"path":107,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":108,"stem":109,"topic":110,"website":34,"__hash__":111},"faculty/faculty/alex-pompe.json","Alex Pompe","Freelancer, Open Mapping and Nature Photography","DS Turin 2024","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/049e41fa-e266-495e-80e1-0096c00bca85","https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexpompe/",{"slug":106},"alex-pompe","/faculty/alex-pompe",{},"faculty/alex-pompe","Data powered collaborations for social good & Meta's Data for Good Work","NxXESqPg21h7BH-7afZnYJ00dZxFvjnMPJZFkxAyNPY",{"id":113,"title":114,"affiliation":115,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":117,"legacy":15,"linkedin":118,"meta":119,"name":114,"navigation":15,"path":121,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":122,"stem":123,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":124},"faculty/faculty/alison-paprica.json","Alison Paprica","University of Toronto","DS Academy 2020-2022","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/22da179a-53e4-4752-aa1a-1f70bb07ffaa","https://www.linkedin.com/in/p-alison-paprica-4468326/",{"slug":120},"alison-paprica","/faculty/alison-paprica",{},"faculty/alison-paprica","GdVZUxEJDplSSVWpxCQFaDliddUXHhtXXbk2BbtBQeA",{"id":126,"title":127,"affiliation":128,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":129,"legacy":15,"linkedin":130,"meta":131,"name":127,"navigation":15,"path":133,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":134,"stem":135,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":136},"faculty/faculty/amen-ra-mashariki.json","Amen Ra Mashariki","Bezos Earth Fund","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a4701d40-6533-4230-8874-871ac94b3f34","https://www.linkedin.com/in/amen-ra-mashariki-1452885/",{"slug":132},"amen-ra-mashariki","/faculty/amen-ra-mashariki",{},"faculty/amen-ra-mashariki","B9EIq50RRHe6ou-4B7T6sCncR2ahTJxjNa8CKUzSMHg",{"id":138,"title":139,"affiliation":140,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":141,"legacy":15,"linkedin":142,"meta":143,"name":139,"navigation":15,"path":145,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":146,"stem":147,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":148},"faculty/faculty/amy-regas.json","Amy Regas","Tetra Tech","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4b28666d-dde5-4d03-bd08-d7aa6009b6e3","https://www.linkedin.com/in/amykimregas/",{"slug":144},"amy-regas","/faculty/amy-regas",{},"faculty/amy-regas","YdWm44wcLD4bmciE5cbyAEjZTvsqHUtaxZLa3Hsy1I4",{"id":150,"title":151,"affiliation":152,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":102,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":153,"legacy":46,"linkedin":154,"meta":155,"name":151,"navigation":15,"path":157,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":158,"stem":159,"topic":160,"website":34,"__hash__":161},"faculty/faculty/andrea-zaramella.json","Andrea Zaramella","Vodafone Business","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6bb956bb-52af-469e-8cdf-2dff4a4a4321","https://www.linkedin.com/in/andreazaramelladott/",{"slug":156},"andrea-zaramella","/faculty/andrea-zaramella",{},"faculty/andrea-zaramella","Use of TELCO Data for Impact Evaluation","VkhRswUzIdWPshGjj7Js6ub9aLPKoPWBg3C4mMWCB68",{"id":163,"title":164,"affiliation":165,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":166,"legacy":15,"linkedin":167,"meta":168,"name":164,"navigation":15,"path":170,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":171,"stem":172,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":173},"faculty/faculty/andrew-collinge.json","Andrew Collinge","Jacobs","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6a9b4a0a-d447-4c44-aeaa-ab2155274359","https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-collinge-0708b91b/",{"slug":169},"andrew-collinge","/faculty/andrew-collinge",{},"faculty/andrew-collinge","CJI_-FFIpM7E761MupRMJsu5qZDTThFIU9aiNR1X2s0",{"id":175,"title":176,"affiliation":34,"bio":177,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":178,"legacy":46,"linkedin":179,"meta":180,"name":182,"navigation":15,"path":183,"photo":34,"role":184,"seo":185,"stem":186,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":187},"faculty/faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec.json","Andrew J Zahuranec","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">Andrew J. Zahuranec is a Research and Partnership Manager at The GovLab, where he oversees projects focused on how advances in science and technology can improve governance and help society better address systemic challenges such as climate change and migration. Andrew has coordinated and managed various initiatives, including the #Data4COVID19 Africa Challenge—a collaboration between l'Agence française de développement (AFD), Expertise France, and The GovLab to accelerate responsible data innovation to tackle COVID-19 pandemic and its effects across Africa—and the Responsible Data for Children initiative—a collaboration with UNICEF to promote the more effective and responsible use of data for and about children in settings afflicted with challenges such as forced migration, climate change, and disaster response. \u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong id=\"docs-internal-guid-ccdeb17b-7fff-01a5-cb71-4ee622a7f2b9\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/strong>In addition, Andrew conducts significant research on data collaboration and data stewardship, especially as they relate to ongoing, dynamic crises. He developed publications including \u003Cem>The #Data4COVID19 Review, The Use of Mobility Data for Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic, and What Is Mobility Data? Where Is It Used?\u003C/em>, all of which examined the role that non-traditional data could play in understanding patterns of human mobility for pandemic response. He is a lead for the Data Stewards Academy and has facilitated courses on data stewardship for the State of Maryland.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d7d6b2e8-0e2e-4f85-b1b7-2074e8ab6932","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ajzahuranec/",{"slug":181},"andrew-j-zahuranec","Andrew J. Zahuranec","/faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec","Course Facilitator",{},"faculty/andrew-j-zahuranec","yzaZQzcLZDC1c1DhsU9KAioBGaCIWd8NOlZVK5ui2Vw",{"id":189,"title":190,"affiliation":34,"bio":191,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":192,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":193,"name":190,"navigation":15,"path":195,"photo":34,"role":196,"seo":197,"stem":198,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":199},"faculty/faculty/andrew-young.json","Andrew Young","Andrew Young is the Knowledge Director at The GovLab, where he leads research efforts focusing on the impact of technology on public institutions. Among the grant-funded projects he has directed are a global assessment of the impact of open government data; comparative benchmarking of government innovation efforts against those of other countries; a methodology for leveraging corporate data to benefit the public good; and crafting the experimental design for testing the adoption of technology innovations in federal agencies.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/25da5949-b5b6-4d38-9536-d1c14254d987",{"slug":194},"andrew-young","/faculty/andrew-young","Knowledge Director",{},"faculty/andrew-young","ES3foDZEbla4rnSjm-O-j2YKaeuV7UJT-wYzo3nsWHM",{"id":201,"title":202,"affiliation":203,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":204,"legacy":15,"linkedin":205,"meta":206,"name":202,"navigation":15,"path":208,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":209,"stem":210,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":211},"faculty/faculty/astha-kapoor.json","Astha Kapoor","Aapti Institute","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/e6b4a35a-9c6b-4cca-a83f-ec6a030191cf","https://www.linkedin.com/in/astha-kapoor-020b4760/",{"slug":207},"astha-kapoor","/faculty/astha-kapoor",{},"faculty/astha-kapoor","1dBPf4BnttnxR4o4dPzmhz1cd59hs20Kcoz01SZiY50",{"id":213,"title":214,"affiliation":215,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":216,"legacy":15,"linkedin":217,"meta":218,"name":214,"navigation":15,"path":220,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":221,"stem":222,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":223},"faculty/faculty/audrey-tang.json","Audrey Tang","Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Taiwan","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/69c84800-8eba-4fc4-b536-4971a87729bb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tangaudrey/",{"slug":219},"audrey-tang","/faculty/audrey-tang",{},"faculty/audrey-tang","guDc8SZ1teF85fU2ZpyjBo5kT7eFEi6aqz0KnMI3ZQc",{"id":225,"title":226,"affiliation":227,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":228,"legacy":15,"linkedin":229,"meta":230,"name":226,"navigation":15,"path":232,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":233,"stem":234,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":235},"faculty/faculty/bapu-vaitla.json","Bapu Vaitla","City of Davis & Data2X","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/55cfe9b5-222f-4521-8416-b6dca6f2969c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/bapu-vaitla-3389b94/",{"slug":231},"bapu-vaitla","/faculty/bapu-vaitla",{},"faculty/bapu-vaitla","xY4K5eu3CdK8TcDvRERRonurgCaRe7vfqME3ptSPXoQ",{"id":237,"title":238,"affiliation":239,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":240,"legacy":15,"linkedin":241,"meta":242,"name":238,"navigation":15,"path":244,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":245,"stem":246,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":247},"faculty/faculty/barbara-ubaldi.json","Barbara Ubaldi","Tony Blair Institute for Global Change","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/6a3cc3f2-b0d1-46d0-94fe-088d6607976f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/barbara-ubaldi-416146/",{"slug":243},"barbara-ubaldi","/faculty/barbara-ubaldi",{},"faculty/barbara-ubaldi","OqdWXuIUfhBjhmn9X4-G4P0L3YgggPM_hGvvy9C8Iho",{"id":249,"title":250,"affiliation":251,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":252,"legacy":15,"linkedin":253,"meta":254,"name":250,"navigation":15,"path":256,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":257,"stem":258,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":259},"faculty/faculty/bart-rousseau.json","Bart Rousseau","Digital Vlaanderen","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1aa4a2bb-f3e7-4509-89e5-0605a0a92423","https://www.linkedin.com/in/bartrosseau/",{"slug":255},"bart-rousseau","/faculty/bart-rousseau",{},"faculty/bart-rousseau","FzXJOFe3JOVPVIw_CuvcAR_rOIaEScwzutzZ2svmUoI",{"id":261,"title":262,"affiliation":34,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":34,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":263,"name":265,"navigation":15,"path":266,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":267,"stem":268,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":269},"faculty/faculty/begona-g-otero.json","Begona G Otero",{"slug":264},"begona-g-otero","Begoña G. 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University","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/e8770782-607b-4f62-8076-7980c7a7173f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/julia-stoyanovich-b184851/",{"slug":913},"julia-stoyanovich","/faculty/julia-stoyanovich",{},"faculty/julia-stoyanovich","Gw1KbXq3FyB0quxq7VTlz_EgLKDJlJrlDiEl2LQ0J0c",{"id":919,"title":920,"affiliation":921,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":922,"legacy":15,"linkedin":923,"meta":924,"name":920,"navigation":15,"path":926,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":927,"stem":928,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":929},"faculty/faculty/kersten-jauer.json","Kersten Jauer","United 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America","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/b5553bc1-fcf2-4012-b359-3e6d08b95202","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lcoral/",{"slug":974},"lilian-coral","/faculty/lilian-coral",{},"faculty/lilian-coral","PFVGbRvqYy1KzELxWJoua5jrbJnMNUzlngzC92NPKF4",{"id":980,"title":981,"affiliation":982,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":983,"legacy":15,"linkedin":984,"meta":985,"name":981,"navigation":15,"path":987,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":988,"stem":989,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":990},"faculty/faculty/lisa-moretti.json","Lisa Moretti","Freelance, Digital Sociologist","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2ee04896-2db7-436c-b2b8-1de20e12c578","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lisataliamoretti/",{"slug":986},"lisa-moretti","/faculty/lisa-moretti",{},"faculty/lisa-moretti","EV8XLcbAFAoKtBzuzfT85iXeQ49CT2LH-2tTPcZln8I",{"id":992,"title":993,"affiliation":994,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":995,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":996,"legacy":15,"linkedin":997,"meta":998,"name":993,"navigation":15,"path":1000,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1001,"stem":1002,"topic":1003,"website":34,"__hash__":1004},"faculty/faculty/ludovica-paseri.json","Ludovica Paseri","University of Turin","DS Turin 2024, DS Milan 2026","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f7c1cd4c-45fe-44b5-8d73-7ba5b03f394d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ludovica-paseri-616880149/",{"slug":999},"ludovica-paseri","/faculty/ludovica-paseri",{},"faculty/ludovica-paseri","Legal Implications to Data 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Innovation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/453663e1-2ae9-4767-b18d-40c689edd62f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/lynn-overmann-325bb432/",{"slug":1012},"lynn-overmann","/faculty/lynn-overmann",{},"faculty/lynn-overmann","T_4VBcHNBpT91i3OLMPlturz60ufyjOayd4Wu5Y0s5E",{"id":1018,"title":1019,"affiliation":1020,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1021,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1022,"meta":1023,"name":1019,"navigation":15,"path":1025,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1026,"stem":1027,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1028},"faculty/faculty/marc-lepage.json","Marc Lepage","Asian Development Bank","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0b25f882-fdb8-4cc3-bbf2-5d7a9f174c7a","https://www.linkedin.com/in/mlepage/",{"slug":1024},"marc-lepage","/faculty/marc-lepage",{},"faculty/marc-lepage","JCDw1BHIBhdOfzo1coSP7TDfQgIgSwdNw8P2txPefxY",{"id":1030,"title":1031,"affiliation":574,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1032,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1033,"meta":1034,"name":1031,"navigation":15,"path":1036,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1037,"stem":1038,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1039},"faculty/faculty/marcus-bartley-johns.json","Marcus Bartley Johns","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a36a2963-d9c0-4f73-a66c-ca96ae2dad3e","https://www.linkedin.com/in/marcus-bartley-johns-57a84422/",{"slug":1035},"marcus-bartley-johns","/faculty/marcus-bartley-johns",{},"faculty/marcus-bartley-johns","6ezX8H4I7u6nV0D1iKncL_l-M-af7CYPz9NXFU1iaAk",{"id":1041,"title":1042,"affiliation":1043,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":660,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1044,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1045,"meta":1046,"name":1048,"navigation":15,"path":1049,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1050,"stem":1051,"topic":1052,"website":34,"__hash__":1053},"faculty/faculty/martin-pompery.json","Martin Pompery","SINE Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ed8cc1b5-1ca9-4bfa-9ae2-e954ddf739b6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/pompery/",{"slug":1047},"martin-pompery","Martin Pompéry","/faculty/martin-pompery",{},"faculty/martin-pompery","Data Commons (Governance and Technical Infrastructure)","tjuo0EubXDpXzFAIg_QIbXCZltPEmfV5O6BB2OiGxgk",{"id":1055,"title":1056,"affiliation":34,"bio":1057,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1058,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1059,"meta":1060,"name":1062,"navigation":15,"path":1063,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1064,"stem":1065,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1066},"faculty/faculty/martin-stewart-weeks.json","Martin Stewart Weeks","\u003Cp>A strategic thinker, organisational consultant, policy analyst, facilitator and writer, Martin’s work draws on over 35 years’ experience spanning government, the “for purpose” or social sector and the corporate sector.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>As well as his own advisory and research work, Martin has also been a senior advisor to Deloitte’s public sector team in Australia and with The Impact Assembly as part of PwC’s social impact practice.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He is an ANZSOG Practice Fellow for Digital Government Strategy and Leadership and the founder and principal of Public Purpose Pty Ltd, working at the intersection of public policy, strategy, leadership and technology. He has led the development of new programs exploring the public leadership implications of digital, data and AI, including the role of ethics and ethical frameworks for public leaders. He co-directs ANZSOG’s Deputies Leadership Program with Kathryn Anderson, that integrates a significant focus on the evolution of leadership responses to the opportunities and risks of digital, data and AI capabilities and platforms.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>From 2001 to 2013, Martin led the Asia-Pacific public sector consulting and innovation team in Cisco’s Internet Business Solutions Group (IBSG). He led strategy and design work on digital transformation and public policy and public sector reform projects in government, education, health, human services and urbanisation in India, China, South-East Asia, Australia and New Zealand.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Prior to his role in Cisco, Martin held various policy and management roles in the federal public sector, including Chief of Staff to a Minister in the Federal Government, a federal public servant (Communications, Sport, Recreation and Tourism) and as a research and strategy lead in the Office of Strategic Planning in the NSW Cabinet Office. For the past three years, and again in 2026, he has been a Learning Guide and facilities for the NSW Leadership Academy (Band 1 and Band 2 senior executives).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He chaired the former NSW Digital Government Advisory Panel and the Expert Advisory Group for the Welfare Payments Infrastructure Transformation program (WPIT) for the former federal Department of Human Services (now Services Australia).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He was a member of the Government 2.0 Task Force established by Federal Minister for Finance, Lindsay Tanner, in 2009. In 2017, Martin was one of 3 members of a review for the NSW Government, chaired by former NSW Premier Nick Greiner AC, of regulatory policy and strategy across the State.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He was an inaugural member of the NSW AI Advisory Group which crafted the early versions of what has now become the NSW AI Assurance Framework which is also being adapted as a national AI assurance framework.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Martin writes and speaks extensively on government, service design, digital transformation, the impact of AI in government and on public leadership for the digital age as well as on different dimensions of policy reform. Together with former Finance Minister Lindsay Tanner, he wrote Changing Shape: Institutions for a Digital Age (Longueville Press, February 2014).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He is also co-author with Simon Cooper of (Are We There Yet? Digital Transformation of Government and the Public Sector in Australia (Longueville Press, July 2019).\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Martin holds an Honours degree in English from the University of York, a Masters degree in Social Science and Policy from the University of New South Wales as well as graduate qualifications in applied economics from what is now the University of Canberra.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ae57bd4e-ccca-4e57-90ae-ccdea38ab424","https://www.linkedin.com/in/msweeks/",{"slug":1061},"martin-stewart-weeks","Martin Stewart-Weeks","/faculty/martin-stewart-weeks",{},"faculty/martin-stewart-weeks","nuHbo3Pfrch0Q_uq8-nDe3bEo8ZnLVP1A8Psh91GOYc",{"id":1068,"title":1069,"affiliation":1070,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":88,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1071,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1072,"meta":1073,"name":1075,"navigation":15,"path":1076,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1077,"stem":1078,"topic":1079,"website":34,"__hash__":1080},"faculty/faculty/martin-wahlisch.json","Martin Wahlisch","University of Birmingham","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7615dae2-797a-4f6f-9597-c7c7ed0e8b92","https://www.linkedin.com/in/martinwaehlisch/",{"slug":1074},"martin-wahlisch","Martin Wählisch","/faculty/martin-wahlisch",{},"faculty/martin-wahlisch","Institutionalizing Data Stewardship, data hubs and digital transformation of public organizations","cZUQPYrsyAC_ng4hHzqnYTmfJC5j8FWC-2Zq7Uc4moc",{"id":1082,"title":1083,"affiliation":1084,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1085,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1086,"meta":1087,"name":1083,"navigation":15,"path":1089,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1090,"stem":1091,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1092},"faculty/faculty/michael-khoo.json","Michael Khoo","Asia Travel Tech, Digital Platforms Industry Associations","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2fd51780-b7e0-4f6a-9479-ee706f588580","https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-khoo-/",{"slug":1088},"michael-khoo","/faculty/michael-khoo",{},"faculty/michael-khoo","vRl_-AO0A8xraN5t_Y_XgR1EMzL-G9WpJKI9LRhnKSM",{"id":1094,"title":1095,"affiliation":1096,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1097,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1098,"meta":1099,"name":1101,"navigation":15,"path":1102,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1103,"stem":1104,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1105},"faculty/faculty/michael-p-canares.json","Michael P Canares","Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/67c98b20-e643-4314-8e6c-3fb94387560e","https://www.linkedin.com/in/michaelcanares/",{"slug":1100},"michael-p-canares","Michael P. Cañares","/faculty/michael-p-canares",{},"faculty/michael-p-canares","6BbSAcLd0R0TuJaYMZ_bcmUHcwp5VrQCMy2iTB6QXlU",{"id":1107,"title":1108,"affiliation":34,"bio":1109,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1110,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1111,"name":1108,"navigation":15,"path":1113,"photo":34,"role":1114,"seo":1115,"stem":1116,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1117},"faculty/faculty/michelle-winowatan.json","Michelle Winowatan","Michelle Winowatan is a Research Assistant at The GovLab, where she focuses on exploring the ways data and collaboration can improve policymaking. Previously, she has worked at several international nonprofit organizations, such as Search for Common Ground and Human Rights Watch, implementing projects that focused on conflict and human rights issues. She is a Fulbright awardee, through which she obtained her MPA in Public and Nonprofit Management and Policy from New York University. She also has a BA in International Relations from Universitas Pelita Harapan, in Indonesia.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3b47fcf8-abb4-4ef9-b85f-3ce0f73497e3",{"slug":1112},"michelle-winowatan","/faculty/michelle-winowatan","Research Assistant",{},"faculty/michelle-winowatan","ntoprYtYdb69qzeOoDH0OIZRyYocJVD0uWd0qtFkRIA",{"id":1119,"title":1120,"affiliation":1121,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1122,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1123,"meta":1124,"name":1120,"navigation":15,"path":1126,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1127,"stem":1128,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1129},"faculty/faculty/natalia-adler.json","Natalia Adler","Mitiga Solutions","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/57496f31-6ebb-41af-8fd7-eb98ff828199","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nataliaadler/",{"slug":1125},"natalia-adler","/faculty/natalia-adler",{},"faculty/natalia-adler","x3XYVJctiWzq4vPbSnpRVYZqJf4wJGw9XvT1lhOUHyk",{"id":1131,"title":1132,"affiliation":1133,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1134,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1135,"meta":1136,"name":1132,"navigation":15,"path":1138,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1139,"stem":1140,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1141},"faculty/faculty/natalia-carfi.json","Natalia Carfi","Open Data Charter","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/bd0e0761-0de4-45cd-a475-bd0ee12a36d9","https://www.linkedin.com/in/natalia-carfi-8683029/",{"slug":1137},"natalia-carfi","/faculty/natalia-carfi",{},"faculty/natalia-carfi","DWP3TEtP8jvPaTnVAcRhfUa81L0oknuD_Ov4ueMyB0s",{"id":1143,"title":1144,"affiliation":1145,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1146,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1147,"meta":1148,"name":1144,"navigation":15,"path":1150,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1151,"stem":1152,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1153},"faculty/faculty/natalia-domagala.json","Natalia Domagala","Freelance, AI Strategy, Ethics & Transparency","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0702cbe7-3553-436c-b8cf-11c79af4cfe0","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nadomagala/",{"slug":1149},"natalia-domagala","/faculty/natalia-domagala",{},"faculty/natalia-domagala","z4UoxPAvcyt_19R6WsXAwqQ8KG3FlKWI1Df9ceQ2OAk",{"id":1155,"title":1156,"affiliation":34,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":34,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1157,"name":1159,"navigation":15,"path":1160,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1161,"stem":1162,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1163},"faculty/faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon.json","Natalia Gonzalez Alarcon",{"slug":1158},"natalia-gonzalez-alarcon","Natalia González Alarcón","/faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon",{},"faculty/natalia-gonzalez-alarcon","5_O4v0eHO9xJcxtyU5BUk1_2r3V-ybOjkdqGq_DXddQ",{"id":1165,"title":1166,"affiliation":1167,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1168,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1169,"meta":1170,"name":1166,"navigation":15,"path":1172,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1173,"stem":1174,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1175},"faculty/faculty/nick-hart.json","Nick Hart","Data Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3112fb04-06e4-4c67-89ba-ba1344d58bfd","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nickrhart/",{"slug":1171},"nick-hart","/faculty/nick-hart",{},"faculty/nick-hart","nr_yHL5OvAPmgt58TYw04NVjf19AvCLixDQ-ZMwuRko",{"id":1177,"title":1178,"affiliation":1179,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1180,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1181,"meta":1182,"name":1178,"navigation":15,"path":1184,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1185,"stem":1186,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1187},"faculty/faculty/nicolas-schifano.json","Nicolas Schifano","Fastcatalog.ai","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/833ce985-df9a-44d7-9066-0b1e1c7777d9","https://www.linkedin.com/in/schifano/",{"slug":1183},"nicolas-schifano","/faculty/nicolas-schifano",{},"faculty/nicolas-schifano","4rKkBJGscyHEf8wdKvX5iTd--IdVRMqrSf7EtvF_M6g",{"id":1189,"title":1190,"affiliation":1191,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1192,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1193,"meta":1194,"name":1190,"navigation":15,"path":1196,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1197,"stem":1198,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1199},"faculty/faculty/nigel-jacob.json","Nigel Jacob","Barr Foundation","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/fecfd38e-9969-4fcf-b16e-06041d6aeaf6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/nsjacob/",{"slug":1195},"nigel-jacob","/faculty/nigel-jacob",{},"faculty/nigel-jacob","2p7Bz3gycQDE6ffGBxPzAkMwBrWHVA5ZrOR6huMWsIs",{"id":1201,"title":1202,"affiliation":1203,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1204,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1205,"meta":1206,"name":1202,"navigation":15,"path":1208,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1209,"stem":1210,"topic":1211,"website":34,"__hash__":1212},"faculty/faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz.json","Oksana Riba Grognuz","Swiss Data Science Center","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/495267c3-3d55-4af6-ad6a-febd9d5af866","https://www.linkedin.com/in/oksana80/",{"slug":1207},"oksana-riba-grognuz","/faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz",{},"faculty/oksana-riba-grognuz","Creating a Loop for Sharing and Reuse of Processed Data (\"Data Products\")","vCN9ptAja28aOGuJB1BVKp9zxT4VSmIZx-ZtON_As4Y",{"id":1214,"title":1215,"affiliation":1216,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1217,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1218,"meta":1219,"name":1215,"navigation":15,"path":1221,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1222,"stem":1223,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1224},"faculty/faculty/paul-ko.json","Paul Ko","Grammarly","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/36f4d186-588e-4f9e-80b6-f1da1aae6e5d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulhko/",{"slug":1220},"paul-ko","/faculty/paul-ko",{},"faculty/paul-ko","xQQ0r2in4ZYZPu4O9cD4VvGB4veSoNYrx0eo5AZTaCk",{"id":1226,"title":1227,"affiliation":34,"bio":1228,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1229,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1230,"meta":1231,"name":1227,"navigation":15,"path":1233,"photo":34,"role":184,"seo":1234,"stem":1235,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1236},"faculty/faculty/paulina-behluli.json","Paulina Behluli","\u003Cp>Paulina is a Program Manager at the Data Tank in charge of the data stewardship program. She is a digital governance specialist, specifically, public sector innovation & transformation. At the Data Tank, she leads the Data Stewardship Program focusing on Data Stewards Bootcamps for senior executives across Europe. Paulina is also involved in fundraising and partnership building. In parallel, Paulina has supported in building the She Shapes AI initiative as a volunteer, and additionally served as an Expert Reviewer. She holds a Master’s Degree in Public Policy from the Hertie School in Berlin. Prior to joining The Data Tank, Ms Behluli has managed several projects at Open Data Kosovo - a Forbes 30 under 30 listed organization. She has led Kosovo’s membership in the Open Government Partnership leading a close collaboration with the Office of the Prime Minister. Ms Behluli has co-authored two reports measuring the openness and transparency of the Kosovo Parliament and the Office of the Prime Minister. She was also engaged in the Global Data Barometer study, where Open Data Kosovo acted as a regional hub responsible for monitoring data usage for public good in Kosovo and Albania. In Berlin, she worked for the Berlin Innovation Agency helping startups accelerate tech for social good. She also served as a student advisory board member at the Center for Digital Governance of the Hertie School for 2 consecutive academic years.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/92b175dd-c3ad-40bb-b67d-1bc77c854f4a","https://www.linkedin.com/in/paulinabehluli/",{"slug":1232},"paulina-behluli","/faculty/paulina-behluli",{},"faculty/paulina-behluli","KzMq7h-4JXW4j4bYqqTkIXwnl5QhtGb3qLT3UDEYy8Q",{"id":1238,"title":1239,"affiliation":1240,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":1241,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1242,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1243,"meta":1244,"name":1246,"navigation":15,"path":1247,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1248,"stem":1249,"topic":1250,"website":34,"__hash__":1251},"faculty/faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen.json","Peter Bjoern Larsen","Smart City Insights","DS Turin 2024, DS Berlin 2025","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/635b6215-76f6-4db0-bd1b-05f209453bec","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-bj%C3%B8rn/",{"slug":1245},"peter-bjoern-larsen","Peter Bjørn Larsen","/faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen",{},"faculty/peter-bjoern-larsen","Local data collaboratives for developing new data products and encourage more re-use of data in urban development","Lp-yGgDtRiumjQDA7V0pCK9eKgypPaVB_AQ2vCJurf4",{"id":1253,"title":1254,"affiliation":1255,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1256,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1257,"meta":1258,"name":1254,"navigation":15,"path":1260,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1261,"stem":1262,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1263},"faculty/faculty/peter-lovelock.json","Peter Lovelock","Access Partnership","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4a42ed27-8592-4d51-8dc4-7c06676d11e8","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peter-lovelock-24b234/",{"slug":1259},"peter-lovelock","/faculty/peter-lovelock",{},"faculty/peter-lovelock","T-0rMxQjEpVL0gBDJT3nu7rEeXXiZmVcF30aB_OECzk",{"id":1265,"title":1266,"affiliation":1267,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1268,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1269,"meta":1270,"name":1266,"navigation":15,"path":1272,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1273,"stem":1274,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1275},"faculty/faculty/peter-rabley.json","Peter Rabley","The Open Geospatial Consortium","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f7df3113-939b-4ec7-b527-f50622634e74","https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterrabley/",{"slug":1271},"peter-rabley","/faculty/peter-rabley",{},"faculty/peter-rabley","DJ0hn_3mdyNHFgwu8wiVLPcziiRfljHClrWpRzW-3J4",{"id":1277,"title":1278,"affiliation":1279,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1280,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1281,"meta":1282,"name":1284,"navigation":15,"path":1285,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1286,"stem":1287,"topic":1288,"website":34,"__hash__":1289},"faculty/faculty/petra-keller-gueguen.json","Petra Keller Gueguen","Federal Statistical Office FSO","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/13164688-806d-4e0f-ad7e-2a3ceb3e4c86","https://www.linkedin.com/in/petra-keller-gu%C3%A9guen-1b58264a/",{"slug":1283},"petra-keller-gueguen","Petra Keller Guéguen","/faculty/petra-keller-gueguen",{},"faculty/petra-keller-gueguen","Agriculture and voting results: 2 use cases for successful data stewardship","Urak9ekI5LPju5tXbCLNHMy4FFgSvEZjhMxaGoK48U4",{"id":1291,"title":1292,"affiliation":1293,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1294,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1295,"meta":1296,"name":1292,"navigation":15,"path":1298,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1299,"stem":1300,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1301},"faculty/faculty/pieter-de-leenheer.json","Pieter De Leenheer","DNAnexus, Collibra","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/4b3efc00-c8b9-4f27-9bc4-b5aa3bc7b28d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/pieterdeleenheer/",{"slug":1297},"pieter-de-leenheer","/faculty/pieter-de-leenheer",{},"faculty/pieter-de-leenheer","nAiKM_c4vT7YgMB6xtyozZ0sSP1dSe2FBYyadFwzBYI",{"id":1303,"title":1304,"affiliation":1305,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1306,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1307,"meta":1308,"name":1310,"navigation":15,"path":1311,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1312,"stem":1313,"topic":1314,"website":34,"__hash__":1315},"faculty/faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein.json","Prof Dr Maximilian Von Grafenstein","Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society (HIIG)","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/199a4fc2-a59e-40cd-9129-e1c500724065","https://www.linkedin.com/in/max-von-grafenstein-208a8632/",{"slug":1309},"prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein","Prof. Dr. Maximilian von Grafenstein","/faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein",{},"faculty/prof-dr-maximilian-von-grafenstein","Regulatory component to data sharing & pre-conditions for data governance and re-use","yw8vqvESuFtOZy5-U5JYfG2vp-D9avyR5X8pvXyC7s8",{"id":1317,"title":1318,"affiliation":1319,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1320,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1321,"meta":1322,"name":1324,"navigation":15,"path":1325,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1326,"stem":1327,"topic":1328,"website":34,"__hash__":1329},"faculty/faculty/prof-ingmar-weber.json","Prof Ingmar Weber","University of Saarland","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/955b4d7d-da9f-45df-b55b-343053d0b05d","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ingmarweber/",{"slug":1323},"prof-ingmar-weber","Prof. Ingmar Weber","/faculty/prof-ingmar-weber",{},"faculty/prof-ingmar-weber","Computing for Society/Social Good","ePpzAhfnIE9mCjxcBmbJGDxpIVRb0-hToWFYEWasY5s",{"id":1331,"title":1332,"affiliation":34,"bio":1333,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1334,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1335,"meta":1336,"name":1338,"navigation":15,"path":1339,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1340,"stem":1341,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1342},"faculty/faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa.json","Professor Brian Head Fassa","\u003Cp>Professor Brian Head is a leading authority on public policy and governance, with extensive experience working across government, universities and the non-government sector. He is currently the President of the Scientific Advisory Committee for the UNESCO social sciences program and is a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>His work focuses on evidence-informed policy, policy expertise and complex or ‘wicked’ problems, with a long-standing commitment to bridging research, policy and practice. Professor Head has advised state and federal governments, contributed to major policy reviews, and delivered keynote addresses at national and international forums, including those organised by the OECD.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/78d98826-ff3d-4072-8992-ae5ec530b99c","https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-head-377b7b15/",{"slug":1337},"professor-brian-head-fassa","Professor Brian Head FASSA","/faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa",{},"faculty/professor-brian-head-fassa","ISkmG6eQk4OVvOmFtV0GLkG0lVzQklOWBOHA0Rio7h8",{"id":1344,"title":1345,"affiliation":34,"bio":1346,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1347,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1348,"meta":1349,"name":1351,"navigation":15,"path":1352,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1353,"stem":1354,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1355},"faculty/faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz.json","Professor Tahu Kukutai Phd Frsnz","\u003Cp>Tahu Kukutai is Professor of Demography at Te Ngira Institute for Population Research and Co-Director of Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga Centre of Research Excellence. Tahu specialises in Māori and Indigenous demography and data sovereignty and has received a number of awards for her contribution to these fields. Her recent publications include \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/series/caepr/indigenous-data-sovereignty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous data sovereignty: Toward an agenda\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (ANU Press), \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429273957/indigenous-data-sovereignty-policy-maggie-walter-tahu-kukutai-stephanie-russo-carroll-desi-rodriguez-lonebear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous data sovereignty and policy\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Routledge), The \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/37077\">Oxford handbook of Indigenous sociology\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Oxford), \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.routledge.com/Indigenous-Statistics-A-Quantitative-Research-Methodology/Walter-Andersen-Kukutai-Gabel/p/book/9781032002507?srsltid=AfmBOoqPLZnF318mBsuzlutgUWnCLEk1KjuEMjPAfaD6IfyzsMPYfn39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Indigenous statistics: From data deficits to data sovereignty\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Routledge) and the \u003Cu>\u003Ca href=\"https://www.kahuiraraunga.io/maoridatagovernance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Māori Data Governance Model\u003C/a>\u003C/u> (Te Kāhui Raraunga). Tahu has undertaken research for numerous tribes, Māori communities, and Government agencies, and provided strategic advice across a range of sectors. She is a founding member of the Māori Data Sovereignty Network Te Mana Raraunga and the Global Indigenous Data Alliance.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>Tahu is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi and a Life Member of the Population Association of New Zealand. Her affiliations are Ngāti Tiipa, Ngāti Māhanga, Ngāti Kinohaku and Te Aupōuri.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0de27b97-53c6-46ba-b2df-87d124b6fe35","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz-167810/",{"slug":1350},"professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz","Professor Tahu Kukutai, PhD FRSNZ","/faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz",{},"faculty/professor-tahu-kukutai-phd-frsnz","Lzmn4cLNPFj29qN6t0_uVa3e7Lmqof_E9_rDqxsznIs",{"id":1357,"title":1358,"affiliation":1359,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1360,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1361,"meta":1362,"name":1358,"navigation":15,"path":1364,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1365,"stem":1366,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1367},"faculty/faculty/rachel-wells.json","Rachel Wells","Datakind","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f8e45cd8-70a5-44f7-a129-241c854ead8b","https://www.linkedin.com/in/rachellaurynwells/",{"slug":1363},"rachel-wells","/faculty/rachel-wells",{},"faculty/rachel-wells","Zd9QUrN8U6ZrsSjhy-DLWFIY0ZYcw7MdP2uG5IdoZDs",{"id":1369,"title":1370,"affiliation":1371,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1372,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1373,"meta":1374,"name":1370,"navigation":15,"path":1376,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1377,"stem":1378,"topic":1379,"website":34,"__hash__":1380},"faculty/faculty/ramy-hcini.json","Ramy Hcini","Think-It","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/8405f27d-b2e7-498e-aeb2-34b15fc92119","https://www.linkedin.com/in/ramy-hcini/",{"slug":1375},"ramy-hcini","/faculty/ramy-hcini",{},"faculty/ramy-hcini","Data Spaces in the context of matching demand and supply and security","-rWrvlNEWCn3XBHQmb9CWYvT0ahjPATj9z7NS8LhpXg",{"id":1382,"title":1383,"affiliation":1384,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1385,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1386,"meta":1387,"name":1383,"navigation":15,"path":1389,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1390,"stem":1391,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1392},"faculty/faculty/richard-benjamins.json","Richard Benjamins","OdiseIA","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/1b4d1a3a-4bc9-46bb-8f4c-59001cee0bdb","https://www.linkedin.com/in/richard-benjamins/",{"slug":1388},"richard-benjamins","/faculty/richard-benjamins",{},"faculty/richard-benjamins","qVN1VHgFK92frM8UkhDTLNHl1e7fKik9zKgXft5EHhY",{"id":1394,"title":1395,"affiliation":34,"bio":1396,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1397,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1398,"name":1395,"navigation":15,"path":1400,"photo":34,"role":1401,"seo":1402,"stem":1403,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1404},"faculty/faculty/roshni-singh.json","Roshni Singh","Roshni Singh is a Researcher at The GovLab. She holds a Master’s degree in International Affairs from The New School, with a concentration in conflict and security, and a Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts, where she designed her own major titled 'The Politics of Injustice: Examining the 'Other' in International Law and Security.' Roshni has worked with organizations such as UNHCR, the International Rescue Committee, and Generation Citizen, focusing on research and policy analysis. As a passionate advocate for human rights and refugee protection, her work at the Ritsona Refugee Camp and other initiatives highlights her commitment to making a positive social impact.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/d04e315a-34dc-4939-abb2-9c276d703a30",{"slug":1399},"roshni-singh","/faculty/roshni-singh","Researcher",{},"faculty/roshni-singh","kUaO0OcbTVbPEwRHOjfHOS7QHtVgeVjEWIuGL18ywrM",{"id":1406,"title":1407,"affiliation":1408,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1409,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1410,"name":1407,"navigation":15,"path":1412,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1413,"stem":1414,"topic":1415,"website":34,"__hash__":1416},"faculty/faculty/ross-purves.json","Ross Purves","University of Zürich","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/760a7335-c0af-4597-9f96-96e39bae928d",{"slug":1411},"ross-purves","/faculty/ross-purves",{},"faculty/ross-purves","Teaching with and about (Open)(Government) data","y1f3pdZUzV6y2h-35-8fSldW2Z6ct7TajTj1ikGqh8c",{"id":1418,"title":1419,"affiliation":1420,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1421,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1422,"meta":1423,"name":1419,"navigation":15,"path":1425,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1426,"stem":1427,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1428},"faculty/faculty/rudi-borrmann.json","Rudi Borrmann","Open Government Partnership","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/efeb6c92-a5bf-4d70-8af0-5c3f568e70ba","https://www.linkedin.com/in/rudiborrmann/",{"slug":1424},"rudi-borrmann","/faculty/rudi-borrmann",{},"faculty/rudi-borrmann","S95VUc9mtByKc1NUVAzZHo4KBPBdauoJdxLVaVn6Mbw",{"id":1430,"title":1431,"affiliation":1432,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1433,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1434,"meta":1435,"name":1431,"navigation":15,"path":1437,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1438,"stem":1439,"topic":1440,"website":34,"__hash__":1441},"faculty/faculty/sachit-mahajan.json","Sachit Mahajan","ETH Zürich","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/2a8243e0-6507-43ca-8eb5-641cb710de93","https://www.linkedin.com/in/sachit-mahajan-9052b745/",{"slug":1436},"sachit-mahajan","/faculty/sachit-mahajan",{},"faculty/sachit-mahajan","Designing Routing as Civic Infrastructure: Open, Interoperable, Reusable","h2TFPUORfSpJrqXTOYHtmXLzbLYs7bNnHgPb79YXW6g",{"id":1443,"title":1444,"affiliation":34,"bio":1445,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1446,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1447,"name":1444,"navigation":15,"path":1449,"photo":34,"role":1450,"seo":1451,"stem":1452,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1453},"faculty/faculty/sampriti-saxena.json","Sampriti Saxena","Sampriti Saxena is a research intern at The GovLab. She recently completed her master’s degree in International Social Public Policy with a specialization in Development from the London School of Economics. At The GovLab, she supports the Data Program research team across a number of their projects. Sampriti also holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics with a double minor in Global Studies and French from the University of California, Berkeley.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7d058427-033e-421d-9960-6fa6dada36bb",{"slug":1448},"sampriti-saxena","/faculty/sampriti-saxena","Research Intern",{},"faculty/sampriti-saxena","1lFtbfZZp9b1-kPQmsAfiyWL97jl9yyGknrizGeyyQQ",{"id":1455,"title":1456,"affiliation":1457,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1458,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1459,"meta":1460,"name":1456,"navigation":15,"path":1462,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1463,"stem":1464,"topic":1465,"website":34,"__hash__":1466},"faculty/faculty/sebastian-sigloch.json","Sebastian Sigloch","Switch","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/ba59d107-03c4-4ef2-bf4d-55c2f6377c76","https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastian-s-3889b024a/",{"slug":1461},"sebastian-sigloch","/faculty/sebastian-sigloch",{},"faculty/sebastian-sigloch","Switch Data","0kYV6nwaqMpwvxd2A511FYmQqP7CvEYqhjs2h4ZyaTA",{"id":1468,"title":1469,"affiliation":821,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1470,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1471,"meta":1472,"name":1469,"navigation":15,"path":1474,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1475,"stem":1476,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1477},"faculty/faculty/shanna-crumley.json","Shanna Crumley","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/bfe62fac-d24c-4f90-9698-f67638348b00","https://www.linkedin.com/in/shannacrumley/",{"slug":1473},"shanna-crumley","/faculty/shanna-crumley",{},"faculty/shanna-crumley","iXUsWMnMY6mPvKHDLhgAZyhxocsHbNxH-_5w1E3Ffww",{"id":1479,"title":1480,"affiliation":821,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1481,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1482,"meta":1483,"name":1480,"navigation":15,"path":1485,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1486,"stem":1487,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1488},"faculty/faculty/smita-jain.json","Smita Jain","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/3dbab9bf-ab59-4ff4-8a3c-56310b628071","https://www.linkedin.com/in/smita-jain1/",{"slug":1484},"smita-jain","/faculty/smita-jain",{},"faculty/smita-jain","g6qNp1x4R9a3MCXfGu-OOgoj8Dze1jUxqKdMuaw29M4",{"id":1490,"title":1491,"affiliation":1492,"bio":1493,"body":34,"category":73,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1494,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1495,"meta":1496,"name":1491,"navigation":15,"path":1498,"photo":34,"role":1499,"seo":1500,"stem":1501,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1502},"faculty/faculty/stefaan-verhulst.json","Stefaan Verhulst","Data Stewards Founder","\u003Cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003Cstrong>Dr. Stefaan Verhulst \u003C/strong>is Co-Founder of the DataTank and The GovLab and the main lecturer of the data stewardship academy. In addition, he is a Research Professor at the Center for Urban Science and Progress at the Tandon School of Engineering of New York University; and a Senior Advisor to the Markle Foundation where he spent more than a decade as Chief of Research. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the open-access journal Data & Policy (Cambridge University Press); the Research Director of the MacArthur Research Network on Opening Governance; Chair of the Data for Children Collaborative with Unicef; a member of the High-Level Expert Group to the European Commission on Business-to-Government Data Sharing; and of the Expert Group to Eurostat on using Private Sector data for Official Statistics. In addition he is also a member of the UNESCO Information Ethics Working Group; Researcher at the ISI Foundation (Torino, Italy); Senior Researcher at SMIT (Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology) at the Free University of Brussels (VUB) . In 2018 he was recognized as one of the 10 Most Influential Academics in Digital Government globally (by the global policy platform Apolitical). Previously at Oxford University, he was the UNESCO Chairholder in Communications Law and Policy and co-founded and was the Head of the Program in Comparative Media Law and Policy at the Center for Socio-Legal Studies. He was the Socio-Legal Fellow at Wolfson College, and is still an emeritus fellow at Oxford. He also taught for several years at the London School of Economics and was Co-Founder and Co-Director of the International Media and Info-Comms Policy and Law Studies (IMPS) at the University of Glasgow School of Law.\u003C/p>\n\u003Cp>He has published widely - including seven books- and his writings and work have appeared in the Harvard Business Review, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Project Syndicate, Wall Street Journal, and The Conversation (among many other outlets). He is asked regularly to present at international conferences including, for instance, TED, Collision, and the UN World Data Forum. Numerous organizations have sought his counsel on a variety of topics including data and AI governance - including the WorldBank; IDB, CAP, USAID, DFID, IDRC, AFP, the European Commission, Council of Europe, the World Economic Forum, UNICEF, OECD, UN-OCHA, UNDP, UNESCO and several other international and national private and public organizations. He is also a Linkedin Learning instructor seeking to democratize the practice of data stewardship globally.\u003C/p>","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/5f5b52b5-44d9-4840-88f3-8ac6e9cb5ae2","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefaan-verhulst/",{"slug":1497},"stefaan-verhulst","/faculty/stefaan-verhulst","Course Lead",{},"faculty/stefaan-verhulst","OU0_J9qbLAdOggqbBTXHGlhgyazJ7eKPpwEn4eIiPdA",{"id":1504,"title":1505,"affiliation":1506,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":375,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1507,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1508,"meta":1509,"name":1505,"navigation":15,"path":1511,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1512,"stem":1513,"topic":1514,"website":34,"__hash__":1515},"faculty/faculty/stefan-metzger.json","Stefan Metzger","Beyond Civic","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/0da4a628-95f3-434f-8281-043a04c9db29","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stefan-p-metzger/",{"slug":1510},"stefan-metzger","/faculty/stefan-metzger",{},"faculty/stefan-metzger","TriRegio Data Space / Data Space Concept","Si9xi0nfhdPCS4LYK1_0Zl3GtlwKsgmkY3IkaVGxIjM",{"id":1517,"title":1518,"affiliation":1519,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1520,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1521,"meta":1522,"name":1518,"navigation":15,"path":1524,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1525,"stem":1526,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1527},"faculty/faculty/stephen-chacha.json","Stephen Chacha","Development Transformations","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/a07ea099-6032-439c-b046-5ccb7f7c31f6","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephenchacha/",{"slug":1523},"stephen-chacha","/faculty/stephen-chacha",{},"faculty/stephen-chacha","XFQOVAoxxF-67x3MvbGeTd21mOgiVjsQQPfmiv5hsA0",{"id":1529,"title":1530,"affiliation":1531,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1532,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1533,"meta":1534,"name":1530,"navigation":15,"path":1536,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1537,"stem":1538,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1539},"faculty/faculty/stuart-campo.json","Stuart Campo","IOM UN Migration","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/f0c094cc-6f8b-4ed2-a06f-9e11b0992bc2","https://www.linkedin.com/in/stuart-campo-102182a/",{"slug":1535},"stuart-campo","/faculty/stuart-campo",{},"faculty/stuart-campo","xXK07w7YG_SxEIXVQ7xX6hefQP1-rtKW0CU4ggTVc_w",{"id":1541,"title":1542,"affiliation":1543,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1544,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1545,"meta":1546,"name":1542,"navigation":15,"path":1548,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1549,"stem":1550,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1551},"faculty/faculty/tyler-kleykamp.json","Tyler Kleykamp","Connecticut Foodshare","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/93f81f60-f2fd-48bf-a4ba-edf9a5f76ed1","https://www.linkedin.com/in/tyler-kleykamp/",{"slug":1547},"tyler-kleykamp","/faculty/tyler-kleykamp",{},"faculty/tyler-kleykamp","DOVnyGWVqDjwZO2jmL5sZtThIYSc2L4-qLXFkUbHh6I",{"id":1553,"title":1554,"affiliation":34,"bio":1555,"body":34,"category":60,"cohort":34,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1556,"legacy":46,"linkedin":34,"meta":1557,"name":1554,"navigation":15,"path":1559,"photo":34,"role":1114,"seo":1560,"stem":1561,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1562},"faculty/faculty/uma-kalkar.json","Uma Kalkar","Uma Kalkar is a research assistant at The GovLab and a dual-degree candidate for a Master of Public Policy specializing in Digital and New Technology at The Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) and a Master of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto. She is also the Innovation Director of 18by Vote, a youth-led non-profit that helps 16, 17, and 18-year-olds understand how to vote, when to vote, and why to vote. Her work focuses on digital inequities, open data initiatives, and civic organizing in digital spaces. Uma was a 2019-2020 Presidential Fellow at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress (CSPC) researching the political effects of the urban-rural digital divide in the United States. Uma holds a B.Sc. (Honors) majoring in Peace, Conflict, and Justice and double minoring in Mathematics and Biology from the University of Toronto.","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/32ba2a39-f9a4-4a58-8488-957ccdd54b41",{"slug":1558},"uma-kalkar","/faculty/uma-kalkar",{},"faculty/uma-kalkar","19ZAaVczDlFV-CVrOsdscP-9-93mnw4uUTgdHt78-6I",{"id":1564,"title":1565,"affiliation":1566,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":116,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1567,"legacy":15,"linkedin":1568,"meta":1569,"name":1565,"navigation":15,"path":1571,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1572,"stem":1573,"topic":34,"website":34,"__hash__":1574},"faculty/faculty/valentin-muresan.json","Valentin Muresan","ABQ.Institute, Equal 1, Primăria Municipiului Timișoara","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/48264b87-4afd-423b-bc22-60ea1553179f","https://www.linkedin.com/in/valmuresan/",{"slug":1570},"valentin-muresan","/faculty/valentin-muresan",{},"faculty/valentin-muresan","bMedh5cgp7_cnJQAqbyIyK6naTlb14-9oRlJ539yl5Q",{"id":1576,"title":1577,"affiliation":1371,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":361,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1578,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1579,"meta":1580,"name":1577,"navigation":15,"path":1582,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1583,"stem":1584,"topic":1379,"website":34,"__hash__":1585},"faculty/faculty/wassim-kallel.json","Wassim Kallel","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/7fc3249b-36ae-4bf2-8a24-f17915701918","https://www.linkedin.com/in/wassimkallel/",{"slug":1581},"wassim-kallel","/faculty/wassim-kallel",{},"faculty/wassim-kallel","vHzByAWe3IfptF8--3FBseOaOdIP_uSWNAH37IgoZbs",{"id":1587,"title":1588,"affiliation":1589,"bio":34,"body":34,"category":87,"cohort":660,"description":34,"expertise":34,"extension":45,"headshot":34,"image":1590,"legacy":46,"linkedin":1591,"meta":1592,"name":1588,"navigation":15,"path":1594,"photo":34,"role":34,"seo":1595,"stem":1596,"topic":1597,"website":34,"__hash__":1598},"faculty/faculty/yannik-sassmann.json","Yannik Sassmann","Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)","https://cms.thegovlab.com/assets/39964c54-c032-44ee-855f-ea9a59546eb5","https://www.linkedin.com/in/yannik-sassmann/",{"slug":1593},"yannik-sassmann","/faculty/yannik-sassmann",{},"faculty/yannik-sassmann","BMZ Data and AI Lab","ZlegG-Md_hy5eQodCby9lZL8eA_6iQMH6KvMupVtYeA",1781873993536]